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Photo is of parent taxon

common bird's-foot

bird's-foot, serradela

Habit Herbs, annual, unarmed.
Stems

20–70 cm.

erect to procumbent or decumbent, terete, pubescent.

Leaves

30–70 × 10–20 mm;

stipules linear, 1–2 mm;

leaflets (9–)19–37, blades elliptical or ovate, leaflets of larger leaves 3.5–6 × 1.5–2.5 mm.

alternate, odd-pinnate;

stipules present, distinct, dark-tipped, membranous;

petiolate;

leaflets 15–37, blade margins entire, surfaces pubescent.

Inflorescences

pedunculate, 2–8-flowered, axillary, umbellate heads;

bracts present or absent, pinnate or unifoliolate and leaflike;

bracteoles 1–8, 0.5 mm, dark-tipped, membranous.

Peduncles

1–3 cm in flower, 3–7 cm in fruit.

Pedicels

0–1 mm.

Flowers

calyx 3.5–5 mm, lobes 1.5–2.5 mm, less than or equaling tube length;

corolla white or pink, 6–9 mm.

papilionaceous;

calyx ± actinomorphic, tubular or campanulate, lobes 5;

corolla white, pink, or yellow [purple], keel obtuse, inconspicuous;

stamens 10, diadelphous;

anthers basifixed;

styles glabrous;

stigmas terminal.

Fruits

loments, stipitate, laterally compressed [terete], linear or curved, constricted between seeds or not, laterally dehiscent into indehiscent segments, segments oblong or elliptic oblong, reticulate-veined, pubescent.

Heads

2–5-flowered, 10 mm diam.;

bract shorter than flowers, 5–9-foliolate.

Seeds

1.5–2 × 1 mm.

3–9, compressed-orbicular to ellipsoid-orbicular, smooth;

hilum lateral.

Loments

compressed, constricted between seeds, 12–25 × 2–2.7 mm;

segments 3–7, elliptic-oblong, 2.8–3.5 mm;

beaks straight, sometimes hooked at tip, 2–5 mm.

x

= 7.

Ornithopus sativus subsp. sativus

Ornithopus

Phenology Flowering late spring–early summer.
Habitat Roadsides, fields, waste places.
Elevation 10–100 m. (0–300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; MA; MD; NY; s Europe (Mediterranean region); sw Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Europe; w Asia; s Africa; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Australia]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies sativus was previously cultivated for fodder in the flora area.

North American members of the species are subsp. sativus, which has fruits 12–25 mm, straight, without narrow cylindrical constrictions between seeds, and beaks 2–5 mm and straight, while subsp. isthmocarpus (Cosson) Dostál has fruits 20–40 mm, curved, long narrow cylindrical segments between seeds, and beaks 10+ mm and curved. Subspecies isthmocarpus has been reported from California, but the specimens seen are subsp. sativus.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 6 (3 in the flora).

Ornithopus pinnatus (Miller) Druce has 5–15 leaflets, heads without leaflike bracts, yellow corollas, and terete fruits with densely reticulate-rugose segments. It was collected along a roadside in Santa Cruz County, California, where it was growing with O. sativus and other introduced species that are known to have persisted for ten years or more. The site has since been developed for housing; it is not known whether plants have survived in this or a neighboring area.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Corollas 3–5 mm, white or pink, sometimes with darker lines; loments 1.5–2 mm wide, segments 2–2.5 mm.
O. perpusillus
1. Corollas 5–9 mm, white, pink, or yellow; loments 2–3 mm wide, segments 2.8–4 mm.
→ 2
2. Corollas white or pink; bracteoles shorter than flowers.
O. sativus
2. Corollas yellow; bracteoles equaling or longer than flowers.
O. compressus
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11. Author: Peter W. Ball.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Ornithopus > Ornithopus sativus Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae
Subordinate taxa
O. compressus, O. perpusillus, O. sativus
Synonyms O. roseus
Name authority unknown Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 743. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 331. (1754)
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