Ornithopus sativus subsp. sativus |
Ornithopus |
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common bird's-foot |
bird's-foot, serradela |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, unarmed. | |||||||||
Stems | 20–70 cm. |
erect to procumbent or decumbent, terete, pubescent. |
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Leaves | 30–70 × 10–20 mm; stipules linear, 1–2 mm; leaflets (9–)19–37, blades elliptical or ovate, leaflets of larger leaves 3.5–6 × 1.5–2.5 mm. |
alternate, odd-pinnate; stipules present, distinct, dark-tipped, membranous; petiolate; leaflets 15–37, blade margins entire, surfaces pubescent. |
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Inflorescences | pedunculate, 2–8-flowered, axillary, umbellate heads; bracts present or absent, pinnate or unifoliolate and leaflike; bracteoles 1–8, 0.5 mm, dark-tipped, membranous. |
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Peduncles | 1–3 cm in flower, 3–7 cm in fruit. |
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Pedicels | 0–1 mm. |
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Flowers | calyx 3.5–5 mm, lobes 1.5–2.5 mm, less than or equaling tube length; corolla white or pink, 6–9 mm. |
papilionaceous; calyx ± actinomorphic, tubular or campanulate, lobes 5; corolla white, pink, or yellow [purple], keel obtuse, inconspicuous; stamens 10, diadelphous; anthers basifixed; styles glabrous; stigmas terminal. |
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Fruits | loments, stipitate, laterally compressed [terete], linear or curved, constricted between seeds or not, laterally dehiscent into indehiscent segments, segments oblong or elliptic oblong, reticulate-veined, pubescent. |
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Heads | 2–5-flowered, 10 mm diam.; bract shorter than flowers, 5–9-foliolate. |
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Seeds | 1.5–2 × 1 mm. |
3–9, compressed-orbicular to ellipsoid-orbicular, smooth; hilum lateral. |
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Loments | compressed, constricted between seeds, 12–25 × 2–2.7 mm; segments 3–7, elliptic-oblong, 2.8–3.5 mm; beaks straight, sometimes hooked at tip, 2–5 mm. |
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x | = 7. |
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Ornithopus sativus subsp. sativus |
Ornithopus |
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Phenology | Flowering late spring–early summer. | |||||||||
Habitat | Roadsides, fields, waste places. | |||||||||
Elevation | 10–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | |||||||||
Distribution |
CA; MA; MD; NY; s Europe (Mediterranean region); sw Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America] |
Europe; w Asia; s Africa; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Australia] |
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Discussion | Subspecies sativus was previously cultivated for fodder in the flora area. North American members of the species are subsp. sativus, which has fruits 12–25 mm, straight, without narrow cylindrical constrictions between seeds, and beaks 2–5 mm and straight, while subsp. isthmocarpus (Cosson) Dostál has fruits 20–40 mm, curved, long narrow cylindrical segments between seeds, and beaks 10+ mm and curved. Subspecies isthmocarpus has been reported from California, but the specimens seen are subsp. sativus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 6 (3 in the flora). Ornithopus pinnatus (Miller) Druce has 5–15 leaflets, heads without leaflike bracts, yellow corollas, and terete fruits with densely reticulate-rugose segments. It was collected along a roadside in Santa Cruz County, California, where it was growing with O. sativus and other introduced species that are known to have persisted for ten years or more. The site has since been developed for housing; it is not known whether plants have survived in this or a neighboring area. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | O. roseus | |||||||||
Name authority | unknown | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 743. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 331. (1754) | ||||||||
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