Opuntia santa-rita |
Opuntia macrorhiza |
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purple pricklypear, Santa Rita pricklypear |
grassland pricklypear, plains prickly pear, plains twistspine pricklypear, twistspine pricklypear, western pricklypear |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, with short trunk, erect, to 2 m. Stem segments not easily detached, green or, when under stress, lavender to red-purple at least around areoles, flattened, subcircular, sometimes ovate or obovate sometimes wider than long, 10–20 × 9.5–20 cm, thin, nearly smooth, glabrous; areoles 6–8(–9) per diagonal row across midstem segment, obovate or elliptic to subcircular, sometimes reniform, 3–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm; wool tan to brown. | Shrubs, forming clumps, 7.5–16 cm, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. |
Stem | segments not easily detached, dark dull green, often cross wrinkled when stressed, flattened, obovate to circular, 5–11 × 3.5–7.5 cm, fleshy (to flabby and cross wrinkled when stressed), tuberculate, glaucous; areoles 5–6(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to subcircular, 2–4 mm diam.; wool tan. |
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Spines | 0–1(–2) per areole, usually few along margins of stem segments, deflexed to erect, pale yellow to horn colored (aging reddish brown), straight to slightly curved, acicular, terete, the longest to 40 mm, usually shorter. |
(0–)1–4 per areole, usually in distal areoles, erect to spreading, white to red-brown, acicular, straight, terete or 1 flattened, ± stout (0.5 mm diam. at base), longest to 60 mm. |
Glochids | dense in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, nearly encircling areoles, and in subapical tuft, of even height, yellow to tan, aging brown, to 5 mm. |
in dense tuft, pale yellow, tan to red-brown, aging brown, to 5 mm. |
Flowers | inner tepals yellow throughout, fading orangish, 25–45 mm; filaments pale yellow throughout or pale yellow proximally, white distally; anthers pale yellow; style white; stigma lobes light green. |
inner tepals yellow with red basal portions, 25–40 mm; filaments pale yellow; anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes cream to yellowish. |
Fruits | purplish, green inside, obovoid to barrel-shaped, 25–45 × 20–30 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless; areoles 34–44(–54). |
green to yellowish to dull red, stipitate, elongate-obovoid, 25–40 × 15–28 mm, fleshy, glabrous; areoles 16–28. |
Seeds | tan, 3.5–5 × 3–4 mm, sides convex, often bearing bumps; girdle protruding 0.5 mm. |
tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm, thickish, warped; girdle broad, protruding to 0.5 mm. |
2n | = 22. |
= 44. |
Opuntia santa-rita |
Opuntia macrorhiza |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr-early Jun). | Flowering late spring (May–Jun). |
Habitat | Deserts, grasslands, oak woodlands, flats, slopes, sandy to rocky soils | Plains, chaparral, grassy woodlands, coniferous forests, sandy to loamy soils |
Elevation | 700-1600 m (2300-5200 ft) | 100-2300 m (300-7500 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; Mexico (Sonora)
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AR; AZ; CO; KS; MO; NM; OK; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua)
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Discussion | Opuntia santa-rita has been reported for New Mexico and Texas, but I have seen no supporting specimens. Opuntia santa-rita is commonly confused with spineless O. macrocentra, but has yellow inner tepals with red basal portions. In southern Arizona, O. santa-rita hybridizes with O. chlorotica; that hybrid, with a chromosome number of 2n = 22, apparently accounts for L. D. Benson’s (1982) inclusion in the United States of Mexico’s O. gosseliniana F. A. C. Weber. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Opuntia macrorhiza hybridizes with the hexaploid O. engelmannii (apparently var. lindheimeri) forming the pentaploid O. ×edwardsii V. E. Grant & K. A. Grant. This hybrid is a small subshrub, 20–40 cm, with a mixture of widely spaced, unequal glochids and closely spaced, shorter glochids. Its major spines are gray, and its tepals are yellow or yellow with red bases. Those characteristics are similar to one parent or the intermediate of the two putative parents reported from Blanco and Guadalupe counties, central Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4. | FNA vol. 4. |
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. chlorotica var. santa-rita, O. violacea var. santa-rita | O. compressa var. macrorhiza, O. mesacantha var. acrorhiza |
Name authority | (Griffiths & Hare) Rose: Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 52: 195. (1909) | Engelmann: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 206. (1850) |
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