Opuntia santa-rita |
Opuntia chlorotica |
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purple pricklypear, Santa Rita pricklypear |
dollarjoint pricklypear, pancake prickly-pear |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, with short trunk, erect, to 2 m. Stem segments not easily detached, green or, when under stress, lavender to red-purple at least around areoles, flattened, subcircular, sometimes ovate or obovate sometimes wider than long, 10–20 × 9.5–20 cm, thin, nearly smooth, glabrous; areoles 6–8(–9) per diagonal row across midstem segment, obovate or elliptic to subcircular, sometimes reniform, 3–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm; wool tan to brown. | Trees or shrubs, erect, 2–2.5 m, with spiny, well-defined trunk to 30 cm diam. |
Stem | segments not disarticulating, blue-green, flattened, obovate to circular, 13–21 × 11.5–19 cm, nearly smooth, glabrous; areoles 7–10 per diagonal row across midstem segment, subcircular to elliptic, with basal ridge, 3–6 × 2.5–4 mm; wool tan, aging grayish white. |
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Spines | 0–1(–2) per areole, usually few along margins of stem segments, deflexed to erect, pale yellow to horn colored (aging reddish brown), straight to slightly curved, acicular, terete, the longest to 40 mm, usually shorter. |
absent or usually in distal areoles to evenly distributed over entire stem segment, yellow, aging red-brown to blackish, straight or weakly curved, ± acicular, deflexed, or some erect in marginal areoles; larger spines 0–7 per areole, terete or basally flattened, 25–45 mm, usually accompanied by few straight to wavy bristle-spines. |
Glochids | dense in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, nearly encircling areoles, and in subapical tuft, of even height, yellow to tan, aging brown, to 5 mm. |
crowded in narrow crescent along adaxial margins, longer toward base of areole margins, subapical tuft absent or poorly developed, yellow, aging reddish brown, to 14 mm. |
Flowers | inner tepals yellow throughout, fading orangish, 25–45 mm; filaments pale yellow throughout or pale yellow proximally, white distally; anthers pale yellow; style white; stigma lobes light green. |
inner tepals yellow (sometimes with reddish blush near base), abaxially reddish streaked along midveins, broadly spatulate-apiculate, 18–30 mm; filaments white to yellow; anthers; style and stigma lobes white, yellowish, or pale green. |
Fruits | purplish, green inside, obovoid to barrel-shaped, 25–45 × 20–30 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless; areoles 34–44(–54). |
red, barrel-shaped, 30–60 × 18–40 mm, fleshy (often mummifying), glabrous, spineless; umbilicus 6–9 mm deep; areoles 40–68. |
Seeds | tan, 3.5–5 × 3–4 mm, sides convex, often bearing bumps; girdle protruding 0.5 mm. |
yellowish, 3.5–4 × 3–3.5 mm, 1.5–1.8 mm thick, reniform to subcircular, flattened, often warped; girdle protruding 0.1–0.5 mm. |
2n | = 22. |
= 22. |
Opuntia santa-rita |
Opuntia chlorotica |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr-early Jun). | Flowering spring–summer (Apr–Jul). |
Habitat | Deserts, grasslands, oak woodlands, flats, slopes, sandy to rocky soils | Desert grasslands, woodlands, chaparral, desert flats, rocky ledges, hills, canyons |
Elevation | 700-1600 m (2300-5200 ft) | 600-2400 m (2000-7900 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; Mexico (Sonora)
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AZ; CA; NM; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora)
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Discussion | Opuntia santa-rita has been reported for New Mexico and Texas, but I have seen no supporting specimens. Opuntia santa-rita is commonly confused with spineless O. macrocentra, but has yellow inner tepals with red basal portions. In southern Arizona, O. santa-rita hybridizes with O. chlorotica; that hybrid, with a chromosome number of 2n = 22, apparently accounts for L. D. Benson’s (1982) inclusion in the United States of Mexico’s O. gosseliniana F. A. C. Weber. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Opuntia chlorotica hybridizes with O. santa-rita in southeastern Arizona and with the hexaploid O. phaeacantha forming the tetraploid O. ×curvispina in areas of Arizona, California, and Nevada. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4. | FNA vol. 4, p. 133. |
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. chlorotica var. santa-rita, O. violacea var. santa-rita | |
Name authority | (Griffiths & Hare) Rose: Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 52: 195. (1909) | Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 291. (1856) |
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