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cockspur pricklypear, dune prickly-pear, sandbur pricklypear

pricklypear

Habit Shrubs, creeping, often forming mats, trailing, to 0.1 m. Stem segments easily detached, green, purplish red under stress, flattened, elliptic to linear, sometimes subcylindric (to subspheric), 2.5–5(–8) × 1.2–2.5 cm, tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 2–5 per diagonal row across midstem segment, subcircular, 2–3 mm diam.; wool tan to gray. Shrubs or small trees, erect, to 1.5 m. Stem segments not easily detached, green, often purple near areoles, flattened, obovate to ovate, 10–25 × 7.5–11 cm, ± tuberculate, glabrous, glaucous; areoles 4–5 per diagonal row across midstem segment, subcircular to oblong, 5–6 mm diam.; wool tan, aging blackish.
Spines

(0–)1–2(–4) per areole, in distal 3/4 of stem segment areoles (to nearly spineless), porrect to spreading, red-brown, aging gray, stout, straight, terete, to 30 mm, strongly barbed.

1–5(–8) per areole, at most areoles, spreading, white with red base, becoming dark red-brown with pale tips, aging gray, stout, usually curved, elliptic in cross section, longest to 70 mm.

Glochids

in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, pale yellow, aging brown, to 3 mm, longest at areole apex.

closely spaced in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, along margins of areoles, and in subapical tuft, yellow, to 4 mm.

Flowers

inner tepals yellow throughout, 20–30 mm;

filaments and anthers yellow;

style and stigma lobes white.

inner tepals deep yellow with red basal portions, to 35 mm;

filaments yellow;

anthers pale yellow;

style cream;

stigma lobes yellow-green.

Fruits

green becoming red-purple at late maturity, barrel-shaped, 18–30 × 12–20 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless;

areoles 8–16.

often sterile, sometimes proliferating, yellow to red, ovoid to obconic, 28–32 × 13–22 mm, usually fleshy, becoming dry, tuberculate, glabrous;

areoles 20–30, distal areoles bearing 1–4 red-brown and white spines, to 25 mm.

Seeds

tan, subcircular, flattened, 4–6 mm diam.;

girdle slightly protruding.

few, tan, subcircular to irregularly shaped, 4–5 mm diam.;

girdle protruding to 1 mm.

2n

= 44.

= 44.

Opuntia pusilla

Opuntia ×spinosibacca

Phenology Flowering spring (Apr–May). Flowering spring (Apr–May).
Habitat Dune and pine scrub, primarily coastal, sandy openings, dunes, or rocky outcrops Limestone hills, slopes
Elevation 0-100 m (0-300 ft) 900 m (3000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; MS; NC; SC; TX; Ga
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Opuntia ×spinosibacca apparently originated from hybridization between the dry-fruited, diploid O. aureispina and the fleshy-fruited, hexaploid O. phaeacantha (or O. camanchica Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow). The nothospecies is restricted to the vicinity of Big Bend National Park, Texas. A very similar hybrid, O. ×rooneyi M. P. Griffith (O. aureispina × O. macrocentra, both diploids) is known fom the same region. The hybrids differ in spine number and distribution. Opuntia ×rooneyi has 2–3 central spines to 40–50 mm and 1–4 radial spines to 20 mm, the spines concentrated in the distal 2/3 of the stem segments. Opuntia ×spinosibacca has 2–5 central spines to 70 mm and 0 radial spines, the spines in nearly all areoles of the stem segments.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 130. FNA vol. 4, p. 140.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia
Sibling taxa
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×vaseyi
Synonyms Cactus pusillus, O. drummondii, O. tracyi O. phaeacantha var. spinosibacca
Name authority (Haworth) Haworth: Syn. Pl. Succ., 195. (1812) M. S. Anthony: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 55: 246, fig. 22. (1956)
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