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cockspur pricklypear, dune prickly-pear, sandbur pricklypear

Habit Shrubs, creeping, often forming mats, trailing, to 0.1 m. Stem segments easily detached, green, purplish red under stress, flattened, elliptic to linear, sometimes subcylindric (to subspheric), 2.5–5(–8) × 1.2–2.5 cm, tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 2–5 per diagonal row across midstem segment, subcircular, 2–3 mm diam.; wool tan to gray. Trees, shrubby, 0.5–1.5 m, with trunk to 20 cm.
Stem

segments not disarticulating, gray-green to yellow-green, flattened, circular to broadly obovate, 12–22 × 12.5–20 cm, sometimes wider than long, ± tuberculate, glabrous;

areoles 6–9 per diagonal row across midstem segment, prominent, circular to elliptic, 4–7 × 3–7 mm;

wool tan to brown, aging gray.

Spines

(0–)1–2(–4) per areole, in distal 3/4 of stem segment areoles (to nearly spineless), porrect to spreading, red-brown, aging gray, stout, straight, terete, to 30 mm, strongly barbed.

in most areoles, reddish yellow to red-brown;

abaxial ones sometimes whitish;

adaxial spines often yellow;

major spines (0–)4–8(–9) per areole, usually deflexed, sometimes spreading, particularly on stem segment margins, subterete to flattened or channeled adaxially, sometimes curved, stiff, the longest 40–60 mm.

Glochids

in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, pale yellow, aging brown, to 3 mm, longest at areole apex.

crowded in extended marginal crescent, nearly encircling areole, and less dense subapical tuft obscured by long dense wool, yellow to yellow-brown, 1–6(–12) mm.

Flowers

inner tepals yellow throughout, 20–30 mm;

filaments and anthers yellow;

style and stigma lobes white.

inner tepals yellow sometimes with faint basal reddish blush, broadly obovate, 22–35 mm, apiculate;

filaments and anthers yellow;

style white;

stigma lobes greenish white.

Fruits

green becoming red-purple at late maturity, barrel-shaped, 18–30 × 12–20 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless;

areoles 8–16.

dull red with greenish flesh, ovate to obovate, 32–50 × 15–30 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless;

umbilicus 4–6 mm deep;

areoles 28–46.

Seeds

tan, subcircular, flattened, 4–6 mm diam.;

girdle slightly protruding.

yellowish, reniform to subcircular, 4–5 mm diam., sides flattened, smooth;

girdle protruding 0.5–0.8 mm.

2n

= 44.

= 22.

Opuntia pusilla

Opuntia ×curvispina

Phenology Flowering spring (Apr–May). Flowering spring (Apr–Jun).
Habitat Dune and pine scrub, primarily coastal, sandy openings, dunes, or rocky outcrops Desert grasslands, oak and/or juniper woodlands, sandy to gravelly flats or slopes
Elevation 0-100 m (0-300 ft) 1000-1500 m (3300-4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; MS; NC; SC; TX; Ga
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Opuntia ×curvispina is a nothospecies resulting from hybridization of O. chlorotica and O. phaeacantha. B. D. Parfitt (1980) separated the tetraploid Opuntia martiniana (L. D. Benson) B. D. Parfitt [O. littoralis Engelmann var. martiniana (L. D. Benson) L. D. Benson] from O. ×curvispina on the basis of having style obovoid (widest at or above the middle) versus ovoid (widest near the base) and other differences, often overlapping, such as more yellow spines, fewer areoles per stem segment, and size differences of fruit. Because both are tetraploid putative hybrids, grow in proximity, and share many character states, I am reluctant to separate them until more evidence is obtained.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 130. FNA vol. 4, p. 139.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia
Sibling taxa
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
Synonyms Cactus pusillus, O. drummondii, O. tracyi
Name authority (Haworth) Haworth: Syn. Pl. Succ., 195. (1812) Griffiths: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 88, plate 2. (1916)
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