Opuntia pusilla |
Opuntia macrorhiza |
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cockspur pricklypear, dune prickly-pear, sandbur pricklypear |
grassland pricklypear, plains prickly pear, plains twistspine pricklypear, twistspine pricklypear, western pricklypear |
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Habit | Shrubs, creeping, often forming mats, trailing, to 0.1 m. Stem segments easily detached, green, purplish red under stress, flattened, elliptic to linear, sometimes subcylindric (to subspheric), 2.5–5(–8) × 1.2–2.5 cm, tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 2–5 per diagonal row across midstem segment, subcircular, 2–3 mm diam.; wool tan to gray. | Shrubs, forming clumps, 7.5–16 cm, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. |
Stem | segments not easily detached, dark dull green, often cross wrinkled when stressed, flattened, obovate to circular, 5–11 × 3.5–7.5 cm, fleshy (to flabby and cross wrinkled when stressed), tuberculate, glaucous; areoles 5–6(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to subcircular, 2–4 mm diam.; wool tan. |
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Spines | (0–)1–2(–4) per areole, in distal 3/4 of stem segment areoles (to nearly spineless), porrect to spreading, red-brown, aging gray, stout, straight, terete, to 30 mm, strongly barbed. |
(0–)1–4 per areole, usually in distal areoles, erect to spreading, white to red-brown, acicular, straight, terete or 1 flattened, ± stout (0.5 mm diam. at base), longest to 60 mm. |
Glochids | in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, pale yellow, aging brown, to 3 mm, longest at areole apex. |
in dense tuft, pale yellow, tan to red-brown, aging brown, to 5 mm. |
Flowers | inner tepals yellow throughout, 20–30 mm; filaments and anthers yellow; style and stigma lobes white. |
inner tepals yellow with red basal portions, 25–40 mm; filaments pale yellow; anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes cream to yellowish. |
Fruits | green becoming red-purple at late maturity, barrel-shaped, 18–30 × 12–20 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless; areoles 8–16. |
green to yellowish to dull red, stipitate, elongate-obovoid, 25–40 × 15–28 mm, fleshy, glabrous; areoles 16–28. |
Seeds | tan, subcircular, flattened, 4–6 mm diam.; girdle slightly protruding. |
tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm, thickish, warped; girdle broad, protruding to 0.5 mm. |
2n | = 44. |
= 44. |
Opuntia pusilla |
Opuntia macrorhiza |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | Flowering late spring (May–Jun). |
Habitat | Dune and pine scrub, primarily coastal, sandy openings, dunes, or rocky outcrops | Plains, chaparral, grassy woodlands, coniferous forests, sandy to loamy soils |
Elevation | 0-100 m (0-300 ft) | 100-2300 m (300-7500 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; MS; NC; SC; TX; Ga
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AR; AZ; CO; KS; MO; NM; OK; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua)
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Discussion | Opuntia macrorhiza hybridizes with the hexaploid O. engelmannii (apparently var. lindheimeri) forming the pentaploid O. ×edwardsii V. E. Grant & K. A. Grant. This hybrid is a small subshrub, 20–40 cm, with a mixture of widely spaced, unequal glochids and closely spaced, shorter glochids. Its major spines are gray, and its tepals are yellow or yellow with red bases. Those characteristics are similar to one parent or the intermediate of the two putative parents reported from Blanco and Guadalupe counties, central Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 130. | FNA vol. 4. |
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cactus pusillus, O. drummondii, O. tracyi | O. compressa var. macrorhiza, O. mesacantha var. acrorhiza |
Name authority | (Haworth) Haworth: Syn. Pl. Succ., 195. (1812) | Engelmann: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 206. (1850) |
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