The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

cockspur pricklypear, dune prickly-pear, sandbur pricklypear

grassland pricklypear, plains prickly pear, plains twistspine pricklypear, twistspine pricklypear, western pricklypear

Habit Shrubs, creeping, often forming mats, trailing, to 0.1 m. Stem segments easily detached, green, purplish red under stress, flattened, elliptic to linear, sometimes subcylindric (to subspheric), 2.5–5(–8) × 1.2–2.5 cm, tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 2–5 per diagonal row across midstem segment, subcircular, 2–3 mm diam.; wool tan to gray. Shrubs, forming clumps, 7.5–16 cm, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks.
Stem

segments not easily detached, dark dull green, often cross wrinkled when stressed, flattened, obovate to circular, 5–11 × 3.5–7.5 cm, fleshy (to flabby and cross wrinkled when stressed), tuberculate, glaucous;

areoles 5–6(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to subcircular, 2–4 mm diam.;

wool tan.

Spines

(0–)1–2(–4) per areole, in distal 3/4 of stem segment areoles (to nearly spineless), porrect to spreading, red-brown, aging gray, stout, straight, terete, to 30 mm, strongly barbed.

(0–)1–4 per areole, usually in distal areoles, erect to spreading, white to red-brown, acicular, straight, terete or 1 flattened, ± stout (0.5 mm diam. at base), longest to 60 mm.

Glochids

in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, pale yellow, aging brown, to 3 mm, longest at areole apex.

in dense tuft, pale yellow, tan to red-brown, aging brown, to 5 mm.

Flowers

inner tepals yellow throughout, 20–30 mm;

filaments and anthers yellow;

style and stigma lobes white.

inner tepals yellow with red basal portions, 25–40 mm;

filaments pale yellow;

anthers yellow;

style white;

stigma lobes cream to yellowish.

Fruits

green becoming red-purple at late maturity, barrel-shaped, 18–30 × 12–20 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless;

areoles 8–16.

green to yellowish to dull red, stipitate, elongate-obovoid, 25–40 × 15–28 mm, fleshy, glabrous;

areoles 16–28.

Seeds

tan, subcircular, flattened, 4–6 mm diam.;

girdle slightly protruding.

tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm, thickish, warped;

girdle broad, protruding to 0.5 mm.

2n

= 44.

= 44.

Opuntia pusilla

Opuntia macrorhiza

Phenology Flowering spring (Apr–May). Flowering late spring (May–Jun).
Habitat Dune and pine scrub, primarily coastal, sandy openings, dunes, or rocky outcrops Plains, chaparral, grassy woodlands, coniferous forests, sandy to loamy soils
Elevation 0-100 m (0-300 ft) 100-2300 m (300-7500 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; MS; NC; SC; TX; Ga
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; AZ; CO; KS; MO; NM; OK; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Opuntia macrorhiza hybridizes with the hexaploid O. engelmannii (apparently var. lindheimeri) forming the pentaploid O. ×edwardsii V. E. Grant & K. A. Grant. This hybrid is a small subshrub, 20–40 cm, with a mixture of widely spaced, unequal glochids and closely spaced, shorter glochids. Its major spines are gray, and its tepals are yellow or yellow with red bases. Those characteristics are similar to one parent or the intermediate of the two putative parents reported from Blanco and Guadalupe counties, central Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 130. FNA vol. 4.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia
Sibling taxa
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
Synonyms Cactus pusillus, O. drummondii, O. tracyi O. compressa var. macrorhiza, O. mesacantha var. acrorhiza
Name authority (Haworth) Haworth: Syn. Pl. Succ., 195. (1812) Engelmann: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 206. (1850)
Web links