Opuntia macrorhiza |
Opuntia ellisiana |
|
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grassland pricklypear, plains prickly pear, plains twistspine pricklypear, twistspine pricklypear, western pricklypear |
tigertongue |
|
Habit | Shrubs, forming clumps, 7.5–16 cm, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. | Shrubs, low, spreading, to 2 m. Stem segments strongly interconnected, blue-green, flattened, obovate to ovate or circular, 15–25 × 10–20 cm, glaucous, low tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 5–7 per diagonal row across midstem segment, often fan-shaped with small circular extensions at base, 2.5–5(–10) mm diam., base surrounded by glabrous yellow lip; wool white, aging blackish. |
Stem | segments not easily detached, dark dull green, often cross wrinkled when stressed, flattened, obovate to circular, 5–11 × 3.5–7.5 cm, fleshy (to flabby and cross wrinkled when stressed), tuberculate, glaucous; areoles 5–6(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to subcircular, 2–4 mm diam.; wool tan. |
|
Spines | (0–)1–4 per areole, usually in distal areoles, erect to spreading, white to red-brown, acicular, straight, terete or 1 flattened, ± stout (0.5 mm diam. at base), longest to 60 mm. |
absent or vestigial, yellow. |
Glochids | in dense tuft, pale yellow, tan to red-brown, aging brown, to 5 mm. |
few, scattered, poorly developed, yellow, aging gray to blackish, to 1.5 mm, covered by white, cottony wool. |
Flowers | inner tepals yellow with red basal portions, 25–40 mm; filaments pale yellow; anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes cream to yellowish. |
inner tepals brilliant yellow throughout, fading orange to red, 25–30 mm; filaments white to green; anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes bright light green. |
Fruits | green to yellowish to dull red, stipitate, elongate-obovoid, 25–40 × 15–28 mm, fleshy, glabrous; areoles 16–28. |
pink- to red-purple with red pulp, pyriform, 30 × 25 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless; areoles 18–25, usually crowded near apex, long, white woolly. |
Seeds | tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm, thickish, warped; girdle broad, protruding to 0.5 mm. |
tan, subcircular, 2 mm diam.; girdle broad, projecting 0.5 mm. |
2n | = 44. |
= 22. |
Opuntia macrorhiza |
Opuntia ellisiana |
|
Phenology | Flowering late spring (May–Jun). | Flowering spring (May–Jun). |
Habitat | Plains, chaparral, grassy woodlands, coniferous forests, sandy to loamy soils | Cultivation |
Elevation | 100-2300 m (300-7500 ft) | |
Distribution |
AR; AZ; CO; KS; MO; NM; OK; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua)
|
AZ; TX; Mexico [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Opuntia macrorhiza hybridizes with the hexaploid O. engelmannii (apparently var. lindheimeri) forming the pentaploid O. ×edwardsii V. E. Grant & K. A. Grant. This hybrid is a small subshrub, 20–40 cm, with a mixture of widely spaced, unequal glochids and closely spaced, shorter glochids. Its major spines are gray, and its tepals are yellow or yellow with red bases. Those characteristics are similar to one parent or the intermediate of the two putative parents reported from Blanco and Guadalupe counties, central Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Opuntia ellisiana is only known from cultivation in the United States; the type is from a cultivated plant growing in Corpus Christi, Texas. Opuntia ellisiana has been confused with O. ficus-indica; their fruits are readily separable in the number and distribution of areoles and fruit size. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4. | FNA vol. 4. |
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. compressa var. macrorhiza, O. mesacantha var. acrorhiza | O. lindheimeri var. ellisiana |
Name authority | Engelmann: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 206. (1850) | Griffiths: Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 21: 170, plate 25. (1910) |
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