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black-spine pricklypear, nopal violaceo, purple pricklypear

Chisos Mountain pricklypear

Habit Shrubs, erect to decumbent, to 1 m. Stem segments not easily detached, purple (particularly under stress) to green with purple near areoles and margins of stem segment, flattened, broadly obovate to subcircular, thickish, 7–20 × 6–18 cm; areoles 6–8(–10) per diagonal row across midstem segment, elliptic to circular, 3–7 × 2.5–5 mm; wool tan to whitish, aging black. Shrubs, erect, to 1 m. Stem segments not easily detached, bluish to gray-green, flattened, circular to broadly obovate, 15–30 × 12–25 cm, nearly smooth, glabrous; areoles 5–7 per diagonal row across midstem segment, elliptic to obovate, 3–8 × 2–6 mm; wool tan, aging blackish.
Spines

0 or 1–15+ per areole, few and at distal areoles or many and on most areoles, usually erect to spreading, appearing unruly, sometimes deflexed, straight or curving, acicular, often flexible, subterete to flattened basally;

longer ones reddish brown to ± black (rarely yellow to red in w Texas), or partly to wholly white, 30–120(–170) mm; reflexed spine rarely present, 1 in some areoles, short, whitish.

1–5 per areole, spreading, yellow to orange, tipped yellow, darkening with age (at higher elevations), or dark red-brown (lower elevations), ± acicular, longest 20–67 mm, terete to flattened near base, often curved.

Glochids

dense in crescent at adaxial edge of areole and well-developed subapical tuft, reddish yellow, aging brown, 2–3(–6) mm.

widely spaced, in crescent at adaxial margin of areole, partially encircling areoles, and in poorly developed subapical tuft, yellow, of irregular lengths, tending to elongate towards bases of areoles, to 4 mm.

Flowers

inner tepals yellow with red basal portions, obovate-apiculate, 25–40 mm;

filaments and anthers yellowish;

style cream;

stigma lobes green.

inner tepals pale yellow to buff throughout, to 25–30 mm;

filaments pale green;

anthers and style yellow;

stigma lobes green.

Fruits

red to purplish, obovoid to barrel-shaped, 25–40 × 20–23 mm, fleshy or ± juicy, glabrous, spineless;

umbilicus 8–10 mm deep;

areoles 22–44.

reddish purple, ellipsoid to spheric, barrel-shaped, 33–45 × 40–50 mm, juicy, base not or little tapered, glaucous, spineless;

areoles 16–20, mostly near apex.

Seeds

yellowish, suborbicular to reniform, angled, 5–7 × 3.5–5 mm, sides flattened;

girdle protruding 0.8–1.2 mm.

yellow to tan, 3.5–4.5 × 3–4 mm diam.;

girdle protruding to 1 mm.

2n

= 22, 44.

= 22.

Opuntia macrocentra

Opuntia chisosensis

Phenology Flowering spring (Mar–Jun). Flowering late spring (May).
Habitat Desert uplands, grasslands, oak woodlands, sandy desert flats, rocky hills and valleys Pine-oak and mixed conifer forests, grasslands
Elevation 900-1600 m (3000-5200 ft) 1600-2200 m (5200-7200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Opuntia macrocentra var. minor is represented by relatively short and compact shrubs with a glochid pattern of a dense crescent in the adaxial edge of the areoles like the species and a much taller tuft of spreading glochids. This variety, which grows along the western side of the Rio Grande in Big Bend, Texas, appears best interpreted as a tetraploid hybrid between tetraploid putative parents, Opuntia macrocentra and O. tortispina.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Opuntia chisosensis is local in the Chisos Mountains in western Texas, and it has been reported from Sierra del Carmen in Coahuila, Mexico by Ferguson, but this has not been confirmed by the author. It is perhaps related to, or part of, the O. azurea Rose complex in northern Chihuahuan Desert of Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4. FNA vol. 4.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia
Sibling taxa
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
Synonyms O. violacea, O. violacea var. castetteri, O. violacea var. macrocentra O. lindheimeri var. chisosensis
Name authority Engelmann: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 292. (1856) (M. S. Anthony) D. J. Ferguson: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 58: 124. (1986)
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