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coastal prickly pear, prickly pear

pricklypear, western prickly pear

Habit Shrubs, spreading to sprawling, forming large clumps, to 1 × 1–9 m. Shrubs, sprawling to erect, to 1.5 m.
Stem

segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, elliptic to obovate to rhombic, 15–25(–40) × 6.5–14 cm, ± tuberculate, glabrous, usually glaucous;

areoles 5–7(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, prominent, subcircular(-oval), 4–6 × 4–5 mm, enlarging in age;

wool gray.

segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, obovate, 19–35 × 14–18 cm, ± tuberculate, glabrous;

areoles 5–7(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, oblong, 5–8 × 4–6 mm;

wool dark brown.

Spines

4–11 per areole, in most areoles, yellow with chalky white coat, to yellow with red-brown basal portions, aging reddish gray;

erect ones terete, stout, straight;

abaxial ones reflexed, shorter, to 12 mm;

adaxial spines spreading, longest spines 20–40 mm.

3–6 per areole, in most areoles (rarely few spined), spreading, straight, angularly flattened, subulate;

abaxial 2–4 spines reflexed, shorter, to 20 mm;

adaxial 1–2 spines yellow or white chalky with brown basal portions, 25–50 mm.

Glochids

moderately dense in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, merging with subapical tuft when present, yellow to red-brown, to 5 mm.

in moderately dense crescent at adaxial edge of areole and subapical tuft, reddish brown, to 6 mm.

Flowers

inner tepals yellow to dull red throughout, 35–45 mm;

filaments yellow to orange-yellow;

anthers yellow;

style pink to red;

stigma lobes yellow-green to green.

inner tepals yellow to deep pink, sometimes darker blush near base, to 50 mm;

filaments usually yellow or white;

anthers yellow;

style pink or white;

stigma lobes green.

Fruits

dark red-purple throughout, obovoid, 35–50 × 30–35 mm, juicy, glabrous, spineless;

areoles 22–36.

red-purple throughout, obovoid, 45–50 × 30–40 mm, juicy, glabrous, spineless;

areoles 24–30.

Seeds

gray, subcircular, warped, 3–4.5 mm diam.;

girdle protruding 0.5 mm.

yellow-tan, 4–5.5 mm;

girdle protruding to 1 mm.

2n

= 66.

= 66.

Opuntia littoralis

Opuntia ×occidentalis

Phenology Flowering spring (Apr–May). Flowering spring (Apr–May).
Habitat Coastal sage scrub, chaparral Coastal sage scrub, chaparral
Elevation 10-400 m (0-1300 ft) 10-500 m (0-1600 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
Calif (including Channel Islands); Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Calif (including Channel Islands); Mexico (Baja California)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Opuntia ×occidentalis is a hybrid complex involving three, perhaps more, species [at least O. littoralis × (O. engelmannii × O. phaeacantha)]. The hybrids are morphologically variable; the putative parents are all hexaploid. Another similar putative hybrid, O. demissa, probably involves O. oricola (B. D. Parfitt and M. A. Baker 1993).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4. FNA vol. 4, p. 141.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia
Sibling taxa
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
Synonyms O. engelmannii var. littoralis, O. lindheimeri var. littoralis, O. occidentalis var. littoralis, O. semispinosa O. engelmannii var. occidentalis
Name authority (Engelmann) Cockerell: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4: 15. (1905) Engelmann: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 291. (1856)
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