Opuntia littoralis |
Opuntia ×curvispina |
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coastal prickly pear, prickly pear |
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Habit | Shrubs, spreading to sprawling, forming large clumps, to 1 × 1–9 m. | Trees, shrubby, 0.5–1.5 m, with trunk to 20 cm. |
Stem | segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, elliptic to obovate to rhombic, 15–25(–40) × 6.5–14 cm, ± tuberculate, glabrous, usually glaucous; areoles 5–7(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, prominent, subcircular(-oval), 4–6 × 4–5 mm, enlarging in age; wool gray. |
segments not disarticulating, gray-green to yellow-green, flattened, circular to broadly obovate, 12–22 × 12.5–20 cm, sometimes wider than long, ± tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 6–9 per diagonal row across midstem segment, prominent, circular to elliptic, 4–7 × 3–7 mm; wool tan to brown, aging gray. |
Spines | 4–11 per areole, in most areoles, yellow with chalky white coat, to yellow with red-brown basal portions, aging reddish gray; erect ones terete, stout, straight; abaxial ones reflexed, shorter, to 12 mm; adaxial spines spreading, longest spines 20–40 mm. |
in most areoles, reddish yellow to red-brown; abaxial ones sometimes whitish; adaxial spines often yellow; major spines (0–)4–8(–9) per areole, usually deflexed, sometimes spreading, particularly on stem segment margins, subterete to flattened or channeled adaxially, sometimes curved, stiff, the longest 40–60 mm. |
Glochids | moderately dense in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, merging with subapical tuft when present, yellow to red-brown, to 5 mm. |
crowded in extended marginal crescent, nearly encircling areole, and less dense subapical tuft obscured by long dense wool, yellow to yellow-brown, 1–6(–12) mm. |
Flowers | inner tepals yellow to dull red throughout, 35–45 mm; filaments yellow to orange-yellow; anthers yellow; style pink to red; stigma lobes yellow-green to green. |
inner tepals yellow sometimes with faint basal reddish blush, broadly obovate, 22–35 mm, apiculate; filaments and anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes greenish white. |
Fruits | dark red-purple throughout, obovoid, 35–50 × 30–35 mm, juicy, glabrous, spineless; areoles 22–36. |
dull red with greenish flesh, ovate to obovate, 32–50 × 15–30 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless; umbilicus 4–6 mm deep; areoles 28–46. |
Seeds | gray, subcircular, warped, 3–4.5 mm diam.; girdle protruding 0.5 mm. |
yellowish, reniform to subcircular, 4–5 mm diam., sides flattened, smooth; girdle protruding 0.5–0.8 mm. |
2n | = 66. |
= 22. |
Opuntia littoralis |
Opuntia ×curvispina |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | Flowering spring (Apr–Jun). |
Habitat | Coastal sage scrub, chaparral | Desert grasslands, oak and/or juniper woodlands, sandy to gravelly flats or slopes |
Elevation | 10-400 m (0-1300 ft) | 1000-1500 m (3300-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
Calif (including Channel Islands); Mexico (Baja California)
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AZ; CA; NV |
Discussion | Opuntia ×curvispina is a nothospecies resulting from hybridization of O. chlorotica and O. phaeacantha. B. D. Parfitt (1980) separated the tetraploid Opuntia martiniana (L. D. Benson) B. D. Parfitt [O. littoralis Engelmann var. martiniana (L. D. Benson) L. D. Benson] from O. ×curvispina on the basis of having style obovoid (widest at or above the middle) versus ovoid (widest near the base) and other differences, often overlapping, such as more yellow spines, fewer areoles per stem segment, and size differences of fruit. Because both are tetraploid putative hybrids, grow in proximity, and share many character states, I am reluctant to separate them until more evidence is obtained. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 4. | FNA vol. 4, p. 139. |
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. engelmannii var. littoralis, O. lindheimeri var. littoralis, O. occidentalis var. littoralis, O. semispinosa | |
Name authority | (Engelmann) Cockerell: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4: 15. (1905) | Griffiths: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 88, plate 2. (1916) |
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