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coastal prickly pear, prickly pear

brown-spine prickly-pear, dark-spine prickly pear, Mojave prickly pear, tulip prickly pear

Habit Shrubs, spreading to sprawling, forming large clumps, to 1 × 1–9 m. Shrubs, decumbent to commonly trailing, 0.3–1 m.
Stem

segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, elliptic to obovate to rhombic, 15–25(–40) × 6.5–14 cm, ± tuberculate, glabrous, usually glaucous;

areoles 5–7(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, prominent, subcircular(-oval), 4–6 × 4–5 mm, enlarging in age;

wool gray.

segments not disarticulating, green to dark green, sometimes reddish under stress, flattened, obovate to circular, 10–25 × 7–20 cm, low tuberculate, glabrous;

areoles 5–7 per diagonal row across midstem segment, obovate to elliptic, 3–6 × 2–4 mm;

wool tan to brown, aging grayish.

Spines

4–11 per areole, in most areoles, yellow with chalky white coat, to yellow with red-brown basal portions, aging reddish gray;

erect ones terete, stout, straight;

abaxial ones reflexed, shorter, to 12 mm;

adaxial spines spreading, longest spines 20–40 mm.

(0–)2–8 per areole, at most areoles to only distal 1/4 of stem segment, or essentially absent, brown to white, straight, curved, or spirally twisted;

major central spines deflexed or spreading, brown to red-brown (to blackish), or partly to wholly gray to tan, subulate, usually flattened near base, 30–80 mm;

abaxial spines usually 1–3, deflexed, white, flattened, shorter, to 20 mm.

Glochids

moderately dense in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, merging with subapical tuft when present, yellow to red-brown, to 5 mm.

dense in crescent at adaxial edge of areole and subapical tuft, tan to red-brown, to 5 mm.

Flowers

inner tepals yellow to dull red throughout, 35–45 mm;

filaments yellow to orange-yellow;

anthers yellow;

style pink to red;

stigma lobes yellow-green to green.

inner tepals yellow with red basal portions (rarely entirely pink to red), 30–40 mm;

filaments greenish basally, pale yellow to white distally;

anthers yellow;

style white;

stigma lobes green to yellow-green.

Fruits

dark red-purple throughout, obovoid, 35–50 × 30–35 mm, juicy, glabrous, spineless;

areoles 22–36.

wine red to purple, with greenish flesh (sometimes reddish and ± juicy), not long stipitate, obovate to barrel-shaped, 30–50 × 20–30 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless;

areoles 18–24.

Seeds

gray, subcircular, warped, 3–4.5 mm diam.;

girdle protruding 0.5 mm.

tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm diam., evidently notched, warped;

girdle protruding 1 mm.

2n

= 66.

= 66.

Opuntia littoralis

Opuntia phaeacantha

Phenology Flowering spring (Apr–May). Flowering late spring (Apr–Jul).
Habitat Coastal sage scrub, chaparral Deserts, chaparral, surrounding mountains, plains, sandy to rocky soils
Elevation 10-400 m (0-1300 ft) 200-2100 m (700-6900 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
Calif (including Channel Islands); Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; KS; NM; NV; OK; TX; UT; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Much of the material formerly assigned to varieties of Opuntia phaeacantha has been segregated as O. engelmannii. Various combinations of overlapping character states make separation of O. phaeacantha var. major from var. phaeacantha impractical. Presumably var. major comprises sprawling to erect shrubs with obovate stem segments bearing usually few darker colored spines (usually one to three) per areole, in the distal half of the stem segment or less, whereas plants of var. phaeacantha are trailing shrubs with narrowly obovate stem segments bearing more spines (usually three to ten) per areole throughout most to all of the stem segment. Recently some workers have applied O. camanchica Engelmann & Bigelow to those plants with the very dark colored spines and merged vars. major and phaeacantha. Distinctions among taxa are further blurred by hybridization of O. phaeacantha with O. engelmannii, yielding several named and unnamed hybrids, including O. wootonii Griffiths. Morphologic and genetic analyses of the populations are needed before correct names can be assigned to many of these plants with confidence.

Opuntia phaeacantha also hybridizes with O. aureispina (forming O. ×spinosibacca), O. ficus-indica, and O. littoralis (forming O. ×vaseyi), and members of the O. polyacantha complex, particularly near the regions of Grand Canyon and Four Corners.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4. FNA vol. 4.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia
Sibling taxa
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
Synonyms O. engelmannii var. littoralis, O. lindheimeri var. littoralis, O. occidentalis var. littoralis, O. semispinosa O. angustata, O. phaeacantha var. brunnea, O. phaeacantha var. laevis, O. phaeacantha var. major, O. superbospina
Name authority (Engelmann) Cockerell: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4: 15. (1905) Engelmann: Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 4: 51. (1849)
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