Opuntia littoralis |
Opuntia macrorhiza |
|
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coastal prickly pear, prickly pear |
grassland pricklypear, plains prickly pear, plains twistspine pricklypear, twistspine pricklypear, western pricklypear |
|
Habit | Shrubs, spreading to sprawling, forming large clumps, to 1 × 1–9 m. | Shrubs, forming clumps, 7.5–16 cm, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. |
Stem | segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, elliptic to obovate to rhombic, 15–25(–40) × 6.5–14 cm, ± tuberculate, glabrous, usually glaucous; areoles 5–7(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, prominent, subcircular(-oval), 4–6 × 4–5 mm, enlarging in age; wool gray. |
segments not easily detached, dark dull green, often cross wrinkled when stressed, flattened, obovate to circular, 5–11 × 3.5–7.5 cm, fleshy (to flabby and cross wrinkled when stressed), tuberculate, glaucous; areoles 5–6(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to subcircular, 2–4 mm diam.; wool tan. |
Spines | 4–11 per areole, in most areoles, yellow with chalky white coat, to yellow with red-brown basal portions, aging reddish gray; erect ones terete, stout, straight; abaxial ones reflexed, shorter, to 12 mm; adaxial spines spreading, longest spines 20–40 mm. |
(0–)1–4 per areole, usually in distal areoles, erect to spreading, white to red-brown, acicular, straight, terete or 1 flattened, ± stout (0.5 mm diam. at base), longest to 60 mm. |
Glochids | moderately dense in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, merging with subapical tuft when present, yellow to red-brown, to 5 mm. |
in dense tuft, pale yellow, tan to red-brown, aging brown, to 5 mm. |
Flowers | inner tepals yellow to dull red throughout, 35–45 mm; filaments yellow to orange-yellow; anthers yellow; style pink to red; stigma lobes yellow-green to green. |
inner tepals yellow with red basal portions, 25–40 mm; filaments pale yellow; anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes cream to yellowish. |
Fruits | dark red-purple throughout, obovoid, 35–50 × 30–35 mm, juicy, glabrous, spineless; areoles 22–36. |
green to yellowish to dull red, stipitate, elongate-obovoid, 25–40 × 15–28 mm, fleshy, glabrous; areoles 16–28. |
Seeds | gray, subcircular, warped, 3–4.5 mm diam.; girdle protruding 0.5 mm. |
tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm, thickish, warped; girdle broad, protruding to 0.5 mm. |
2n | = 66. |
= 44. |
Opuntia littoralis |
Opuntia macrorhiza |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | Flowering late spring (May–Jun). |
Habitat | Coastal sage scrub, chaparral | Plains, chaparral, grassy woodlands, coniferous forests, sandy to loamy soils |
Elevation | 10-400 m (0-1300 ft) | 100-2300 m (300-7500 ft) |
Distribution |
Calif (including Channel Islands); Mexico (Baja California)
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AR; AZ; CO; KS; MO; NM; OK; TX; UT; Mexico (Chihuahua)
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Discussion | Opuntia macrorhiza hybridizes with the hexaploid O. engelmannii (apparently var. lindheimeri) forming the pentaploid O. ×edwardsii V. E. Grant & K. A. Grant. This hybrid is a small subshrub, 20–40 cm, with a mixture of widely spaced, unequal glochids and closely spaced, shorter glochids. Its major spines are gray, and its tepals are yellow or yellow with red bases. Those characteristics are similar to one parent or the intermediate of the two putative parents reported from Blanco and Guadalupe counties, central Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 4. | FNA vol. 4. |
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. engelmannii var. littoralis, O. lindheimeri var. littoralis, O. occidentalis var. littoralis, O. semispinosa | O. compressa var. macrorhiza, O. mesacantha var. acrorhiza |
Name authority | (Engelmann) Cockerell: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4: 15. (1905) | Engelmann: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 206. (1850) |
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