Opuntia littoralis |
Opuntia fragilis |
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coastal prickly pear, prickly pear |
brittle prickly-pear, brittle prickly-pear cactus, little prickly-pear |
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Habit | Shrubs, spreading to sprawling, forming large clumps, to 1 × 1–9 m. | Shrubs, low, forming mats, 2–10 cm. |
Stem | segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, elliptic to obovate to rhombic, 15–25(–40) × 6.5–14 cm, ± tuberculate, glabrous, usually glaucous; areoles 5–7(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, prominent, subcircular(-oval), 4–6 × 4–5 mm, enlarging in age; wool gray. |
segments easily detached when terminal, dark green, subspheric to subcylindric, to flattened and elliptic obovate, (1.5–)2–5.5 × (1–)1.5–3 cm, low tuberculate (pronounced when dried), glabrous; areoles 3–5 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval, 3 × 2.5 mm; wool white. |
Spines | 4–11 per areole, in most areoles, yellow with chalky white coat, to yellow with red-brown basal portions, aging reddish gray; erect ones terete, stout, straight; abaxial ones reflexed, shorter, to 12 mm; adaxial spines spreading, longest spines 20–40 mm. |
3–8 per areole, in most areoles spreading, gray with brown tips, straight, ± acicular, terete, the longest 8–24 mm; depressed spines at base of areoles 0–3, 1–3 mm. |
Glochids | moderately dense in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, merging with subapical tuft when present, yellow to red-brown, to 5 mm. |
in crescent at adaxial margin of areole, tan to brown, inconspicuous, to 3 mm. |
Flowers | inner tepals yellow to dull red throughout, 35–45 mm; filaments yellow to orange-yellow; anthers yellow; style pink to red; stigma lobes yellow-green to green. |
inner tepals yellow, sometimes basally red, 20–26 mm; filaments white or red; anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes green. |
Fruits | dark red-purple throughout, obovoid, 35–50 × 30–35 mm, juicy, glabrous, spineless; areoles 22–36. |
tan, 10–30 × 8–15 mm, dry, glabrous; areoles 12–22, distal areoles bearing 1–6 short spines. |
Seeds | gray, subcircular, warped, 3–4.5 mm diam.; girdle protruding 0.5 mm. |
tan to gray, flattened, warped, oblong to subcircular, 5–6 mm diam.; girdle protruding 1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 66. |
= 66. |
Opuntia littoralis |
Opuntia fragilis |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | Flowering summer (late Jun-early Jul). |
Habitat | Coastal sage scrub, chaparral | Barren areas in grasslands, woodlands, sandy or gravelly soils, on outcrops of granite, limestone, or quartzite |
Elevation | 10-400 m (0-1300 ft) | 0-2400 m (0-7900 ft) |
Distribution |
Calif (including Channel Islands); Mexico (Baja California)
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AZ; CA; CO; IA; ID; IL; KS; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK; Mich
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Discussion | Opuntia fragilis is a widespread, though inconspicuous, species; in many places, it flowers infrequently, if at all. Its easily detached stem segments are dispersed by animals and possibly water. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 4. | FNA vol. 4, p. 146. |
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. engelmannii var. littoralis, O. lindheimeri var. littoralis, O. occidentalis var. littoralis, O. semispinosa | Cactus fragilis, O. brachyarthra, O. fragilis var. brach |
Name authority | (Engelmann) Cockerell: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4: 15. (1905) | (Nuttall) Haworth: Suppl. Pl. Succ., 82. (1819) |
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