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coastal prickly pear, prickly pear

cactus apple, Engelmann's prickly pear

Habit Shrubs, spreading to sprawling, forming large clumps, to 1 × 1–9 m. Shrubs or trees, with short trunk, spreading to sometimes decumbent, 1–3 m.
Stem

segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, elliptic to obovate to rhombic, 15–25(–40) × 6.5–14 cm, ± tuberculate, glabrous, usually glaucous;

areoles 5–7(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, prominent, subcircular(-oval), 4–6 × 4–5 mm, enlarging in age;

wool gray.

segments not disarticulating, yellow-green to blue-green, flattened, circular to obovate to rhombic, or apex tapering, elongate, 15–40(–120) × 10–40 cm, ± tuberculate, glabrous, often glaucous;

areoles 5–8 per diagonal row across mid-stem segments, evenly distributed on stem segment to absent, subcircular to obovate, 4–7 × 4–6 mm;

wool tawny, aging blackish.

Spines

4–11 per areole, in most areoles, yellow with chalky white coat, to yellow with red-brown basal portions, aging reddish gray;

erect ones terete, stout, straight;

abaxial ones reflexed, shorter, to 12 mm;

adaxial spines spreading, longest spines 20–40 mm.

(0–)1–6(–12) per areole, white to yellow, usually red to dark brown at extreme bases, aging gray to ± black, subulate, straight to curved, flattened to angular at least near base, the longest spreading to strongly reflexed, 10–30(–50) mm.

Glochids

moderately dense in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, merging with subapical tuft when present, yellow to red-brown, to 5 mm.

widely spaced, sparse in crescent at adaxial edge, encircling areole or nearly so, and scattered in subapical tuft, yellow to red-brown, aging gray to blackish, of irregular lengths, to 10 mm.

Flowers

inner tepals yellow to dull red throughout, 35–45 mm;

filaments yellow to orange-yellow;

anthers yellow;

style pink to red;

stigma lobes yellow-green to green.

inner tepals uniformly yellow to buff, sometimes orange to pink to red (rarely whitish), 30–40 mm;

filaments, anthers, and style whitish to cream;

stigma lobes yellow-green to green.

Fruits

dark red-purple throughout, obovoid, 35–50 × 30–35 mm, juicy, glabrous, spineless;

areoles 22–36.

dark red to purple throughout, sometimes stipitate, ovate-elongate to barrel-shaped, 35–90 × 20–40 mm, juicy (bleeding and staining), glabrous, spineless;

areoles 20–32 usually toward apex.

Seeds

gray, subcircular, warped, 3–4.5 mm diam.;

girdle protruding 0.5 mm.

tan to grayish, subcircular to deltoid, flattened, 2.5–6 × 2–5 mm;

girdle protruding 0.3–0.5 mm.

2n

= 66.

Opuntia littoralis

Opuntia engelmannii

Phenology Flowering spring (Apr–May).
Habitat Coastal sage scrub, chaparral
Elevation 10-400 m (0-1300 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
Calif (including Channel Islands); Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; LA; NM; NV; TX; UT; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 5 (5 in the flora).

The basal portions of stems seedlings of Opuntia engelmannii bear long hairlike spines.

The name Opuntia dillei Griffiths has been used for a spineless or nearly spineless morphotype of O. engelmannii.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stem segments becoming very elongate, 2+ times longer than wide, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, often falcate
var. linguiformis
1. Stem segments to 1.5 times longer than wide, commonly circular to obovate to rhomboid
→ 2
2. Spines chalky white, yellow when wetted, with dark red-brown extreme bases.
var. engelmannii
2. Spines pale to dark yellow, not chalky white, at times with red-brown extreme bases
→ 3
3. Stem segments with spines straight or slightly curving, spreading
var. lindheim
3. Stem segments with spines strongly deflexed or arching downward near bases
→ 4
4. Spines arching downward near bases; sc Ari- zona
var. flavispi
4. Spines strongly deflexed; s Texas.
var. flexispi
Source FNA vol. 4. FNA vol. 4, p. 135.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia
Sibling taxa
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
Subordinate taxa
O. engelmannii var. engelmannii, O. engelmannii var. flavispi, O. engelmannii var. flexispi, O. engelmannii var. lindheim, O. engelmannii var. linguiformis
Synonyms O. engelmannii var. littoralis, O. lindheimeri var. littoralis, O. occidentalis var. littoralis, O. semispinosa
Name authority (Engelmann) Cockerell: Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4: 15. (1905) Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 207. (1850)
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