Opuntia humifusa |
Opuntia ×vaseyi |
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devil's-tongue, eastern prickly-pear |
Vasey's coastal pricklypear |
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Habit | Shrubs, forming clumps or often prostrate, usually only 1 or 2 stem segments tall, to 0.5 m (except in Florida where they may be erect and reach to 2+ m with short trunk), flattened to obovoid, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. | Shrubs, sprawling to spreading, to 1.2 m. Stem segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, obovate to elliptic, 7–22 × 5–12 cm, ± tuberculate, glabrous, glaucous; areoles 5–7(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, subcircular to elliptic, 3–6 × 2.5–3.5 mm; wool gray. | ||||
Stem | segments not disarticulating, dark or bright shiny green, wrinkling when stressed, circular to broadly oblong to obovate, 5–17.5 × 4–12 cm, fleshy, usually tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 4–6 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to circular, 2–4 mm diam., not raised, sometimes somewhat sunken; wool tan to brown. |
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Spines | often absent or 1–2(–3) per areole, spreading, whitish to brownish, terete, straight, and usually stout, 25–60 mm; occasionally also 1 deflexed spine present. |
absent or 1–6 per areole, over distal 0–70% of stem segment, spreading to reflexed, yellow with chalky white coat and brown to yellow basal portions, aging dark red, straight, subulate, angularly flattened, the longest 20–48 mm. |
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Glochids | in dense crescent of adaxial edge of areole and in dense tuft overtopping crescent in age, yellow to red-brown, to 4 mm. |
moderately dense in crescent at adaxial edge of areole and sparse or poorly developed in subapical tuft, yellow, aging red-brown, of unequal lengths, to 4 mm. |
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Flowers | inner tepals pale to bright yellow throughout, 20–30 mm diam.; filaments yellow to orange; anthers pale yellow to cream; style and stigma lobes white. |
inner tepals yellow, orange, or dull red throughout, 25–35 mm; filaments orange-yellow sometimes darker near base; anthers yellow; style pink to red (rarely white); stigma lobes green to yellow-green. |
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Fruits | greenish, tardily becoming apricot to brownish red, elongate, 30–50 × 12–20 mm, fleshy, tapering at base; pulp green and sour, becoming reddish and sweet under ideal conditions; areoles 10–18. |
red-purple throughout, obovoid to subcylindric, 30–55 × 20–40 mm, juicy, glabrous, spineless; areoles 20–36. |
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Seeds | tan, 3.5–4.5 mm diam., thickish; girdle protruding to 1 mm. |
tan to gray, 4.5–6 mm diam.; girdle protruding to 0.5 mm. |
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2n | = 66. |
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Opuntia humifusa |
Opuntia ×vaseyi |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | |||||
Habitat | Coastal sage scrub, chaparral, grassy hillsides, disturbed sites | |||||
Elevation | 30-600 m (100-2000 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
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CA |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The nothospecies Opuntia ×vaseyi resulted from hybridization between O. littoralis and O. phaeacantha (B. D. Parfitt and M. A. Baker 1993). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 130. | FNA vol. 4, p. 141. | ||||
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Cactus humifusus | O. mesacantha var. vaseyi, O. humifusa var. vaseyi, O. littoralis var. austrocalifornica, O. littoralis var. vaseyi, O. rafinesquei | ||||
Name authority | (Rafinesque) Rafinesque: Med. Fl. 2: 247. (1830) | (J. M. Coulter) Britton & Rose: Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 532. (1908) | ||||
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