Opuntia humifusa |
Opuntia ×occidentalis |
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devil's-tongue, eastern prickly-pear |
pricklypear, western prickly pear |
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Habit | Shrubs, forming clumps or often prostrate, usually only 1 or 2 stem segments tall, to 0.5 m (except in Florida where they may be erect and reach to 2+ m with short trunk), flattened to obovoid, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. | Shrubs, sprawling to erect, to 1.5 m. Stem segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, obovate, 19–35 × 14–18 cm, ± tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 5–7(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, oblong, 5–8 × 4–6 mm; wool dark brown. | ||||
Stem | segments not disarticulating, dark or bright shiny green, wrinkling when stressed, circular to broadly oblong to obovate, 5–17.5 × 4–12 cm, fleshy, usually tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 4–6 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to circular, 2–4 mm diam., not raised, sometimes somewhat sunken; wool tan to brown. |
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Spines | often absent or 1–2(–3) per areole, spreading, whitish to brownish, terete, straight, and usually stout, 25–60 mm; occasionally also 1 deflexed spine present. |
3–6 per areole, in most areoles (rarely few spined), spreading, straight, angularly flattened, subulate; abaxial 2–4 spines reflexed, shorter, to 20 mm; adaxial 1–2 spines yellow or white chalky with brown basal portions, 25–50 mm. |
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Glochids | in dense crescent of adaxial edge of areole and in dense tuft overtopping crescent in age, yellow to red-brown, to 4 mm. |
in moderately dense crescent at adaxial edge of areole and subapical tuft, reddish brown, to 6 mm. |
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Flowers | inner tepals pale to bright yellow throughout, 20–30 mm diam.; filaments yellow to orange; anthers pale yellow to cream; style and stigma lobes white. |
inner tepals yellow to deep pink, sometimes darker blush near base, to 50 mm; filaments usually yellow or white; anthers yellow; style pink or white; stigma lobes green. |
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Fruits | greenish, tardily becoming apricot to brownish red, elongate, 30–50 × 12–20 mm, fleshy, tapering at base; pulp green and sour, becoming reddish and sweet under ideal conditions; areoles 10–18. |
red-purple throughout, obovoid, 45–50 × 30–40 mm, juicy, glabrous, spineless; areoles 24–30. |
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Seeds | tan, 3.5–4.5 mm diam., thickish; girdle protruding to 1 mm. |
yellow-tan, 4–5.5 mm; girdle protruding to 1 mm. |
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2n | = 66. |
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Opuntia humifusa |
Opuntia ×occidentalis |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–May). | |||||
Habitat | Coastal sage scrub, chaparral | |||||
Elevation | 10-500 m (0-1600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
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Calif (including Channel Islands); Mexico (Baja California) |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Opuntia ×occidentalis is a hybrid complex involving three, perhaps more, species [at least O. littoralis × (O. engelmannii × O. phaeacantha)]. The hybrids are morphologically variable; the putative parents are all hexaploid. Another similar putative hybrid, O. demissa, probably involves O. oricola (B. D. Parfitt and M. A. Baker 1993). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 130. | FNA vol. 4, p. 141. | ||||
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Cactus humifusus | O. engelmannii var. occidentalis | ||||
Name authority | (Rafinesque) Rafinesque: Med. Fl. 2: 247. (1830) | Engelmann: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 291. (1856) | ||||
Web links |
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