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devil's-tongue, eastern prickly-pear

pricklypear, western prickly pear

Habit Shrubs, forming clumps or often prostrate, usually only 1 or 2 stem segments tall, to 0.5 m (except in Florida where they may be erect and reach to 2+ m with short trunk), flattened to obovoid, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. Shrubs, sprawling to erect, to 1.5 m. Stem segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, obovate, 19–35 × 14–18 cm, ± tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 5–7(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, oblong, 5–8 × 4–6 mm; wool dark brown.
Stem

segments not disarticulating, dark or bright shiny green, wrinkling when stressed, circular to broadly oblong to obovate, 5–17.5 × 4–12 cm, fleshy, usually tuberculate, glabrous;

areoles 4–6 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to circular, 2–4 mm diam., not raised, sometimes somewhat sunken;

wool tan to brown.

Spines

often absent or 1–2(–3) per areole, spreading, whitish to brownish, terete, straight, and usually stout, 25–60 mm; occasionally also 1 deflexed spine present.

3–6 per areole, in most areoles (rarely few spined), spreading, straight, angularly flattened, subulate;

abaxial 2–4 spines reflexed, shorter, to 20 mm;

adaxial 1–2 spines yellow or white chalky with brown basal portions, 25–50 mm.

Glochids

in dense crescent of adaxial edge of areole and in dense tuft overtopping crescent in age, yellow to red-brown, to 4 mm.

in moderately dense crescent at adaxial edge of areole and subapical tuft, reddish brown, to 6 mm.

Flowers

inner tepals pale to bright yellow throughout, 20–30 mm diam.;

filaments yellow to orange;

anthers pale yellow to cream;

style and stigma lobes white.

inner tepals yellow to deep pink, sometimes darker blush near base, to 50 mm;

filaments usually yellow or white;

anthers yellow;

style pink or white;

stigma lobes green.

Fruits

greenish, tardily becoming apricot to brownish red, elongate, 30–50 × 12–20 mm, fleshy, tapering at base;

pulp green and sour, becoming reddish and sweet under ideal conditions;

areoles 10–18.

red-purple throughout, obovoid, 45–50 × 30–40 mm, juicy, glabrous, spineless;

areoles 24–30.

Seeds

tan, 3.5–4.5 mm diam., thickish;

girdle protruding to 1 mm.

yellow-tan, 4–5.5 mm;

girdle protruding to 1 mm.

2n

= 66.

Opuntia humifusa

Opuntia ×occidentalis

Phenology Flowering spring (Apr–May).
Habitat Coastal sage scrub, chaparral
Elevation 10-500 m (0-1600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Calif (including Channel Islands); Mexico (Baja California)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Opuntia ×occidentalis is a hybrid complex involving three, perhaps more, species [at least O. littoralis × (O. engelmannii × O. phaeacantha)]. The hybrids are morphologically variable; the putative parents are all hexaploid. Another similar putative hybrid, O. demissa, probably involves O. oricola (B. D. Parfitt and M. A. Baker 1993).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Shrubs forming clumps, often prostrate, usually only 1 or 2 stem segments tall, to 0.5 m
var. humifusa
1. Shrubs or small trees, erect, to 2 m
var. ammophilia
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 130. FNA vol. 4, p. 141.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia
Sibling taxa
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
Subordinate taxa
O. humifusa var. ammophilia, O. humifusa var. humifusa
Synonyms Cactus humifusus O. engelmannii var. occidentalis
Name authority (Rafinesque) Rafinesque: Med. Fl. 2: 247. (1830) Engelmann: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 291. (1856)
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