Opuntia humifusa |
Opuntia ×curvispina |
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devil's-tongue, eastern prickly-pear |
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Habit | Shrubs, forming clumps or often prostrate, usually only 1 or 2 stem segments tall, to 0.5 m (except in Florida where they may be erect and reach to 2+ m with short trunk), flattened to obovoid, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. | Trees, shrubby, 0.5–1.5 m, with trunk to 20 cm. | ||||
Stem | segments not disarticulating, dark or bright shiny green, wrinkling when stressed, circular to broadly oblong to obovate, 5–17.5 × 4–12 cm, fleshy, usually tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 4–6 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to circular, 2–4 mm diam., not raised, sometimes somewhat sunken; wool tan to brown. |
segments not disarticulating, gray-green to yellow-green, flattened, circular to broadly obovate, 12–22 × 12.5–20 cm, sometimes wider than long, ± tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 6–9 per diagonal row across midstem segment, prominent, circular to elliptic, 4–7 × 3–7 mm; wool tan to brown, aging gray. |
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Spines | often absent or 1–2(–3) per areole, spreading, whitish to brownish, terete, straight, and usually stout, 25–60 mm; occasionally also 1 deflexed spine present. |
in most areoles, reddish yellow to red-brown; abaxial ones sometimes whitish; adaxial spines often yellow; major spines (0–)4–8(–9) per areole, usually deflexed, sometimes spreading, particularly on stem segment margins, subterete to flattened or channeled adaxially, sometimes curved, stiff, the longest 40–60 mm. |
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Glochids | in dense crescent of adaxial edge of areole and in dense tuft overtopping crescent in age, yellow to red-brown, to 4 mm. |
crowded in extended marginal crescent, nearly encircling areole, and less dense subapical tuft obscured by long dense wool, yellow to yellow-brown, 1–6(–12) mm. |
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Flowers | inner tepals pale to bright yellow throughout, 20–30 mm diam.; filaments yellow to orange; anthers pale yellow to cream; style and stigma lobes white. |
inner tepals yellow sometimes with faint basal reddish blush, broadly obovate, 22–35 mm, apiculate; filaments and anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes greenish white. |
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Fruits | greenish, tardily becoming apricot to brownish red, elongate, 30–50 × 12–20 mm, fleshy, tapering at base; pulp green and sour, becoming reddish and sweet under ideal conditions; areoles 10–18. |
dull red with greenish flesh, ovate to obovate, 32–50 × 15–30 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless; umbilicus 4–6 mm deep; areoles 28–46. |
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Seeds | tan, 3.5–4.5 mm diam., thickish; girdle protruding to 1 mm. |
yellowish, reniform to subcircular, 4–5 mm diam., sides flattened, smooth; girdle protruding 0.5–0.8 mm. |
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2n | = 22. |
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Opuntia humifusa |
Opuntia ×curvispina |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr–Jun). | |||||
Habitat | Desert grasslands, oak and/or juniper woodlands, sandy to gravelly flats or slopes | |||||
Elevation | 1000-1500 m (3300-4900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
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AZ; CA; NV |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Opuntia ×curvispina is a nothospecies resulting from hybridization of O. chlorotica and O. phaeacantha. B. D. Parfitt (1980) separated the tetraploid Opuntia martiniana (L. D. Benson) B. D. Parfitt [O. littoralis Engelmann var. martiniana (L. D. Benson) L. D. Benson] from O. ×curvispina on the basis of having style obovoid (widest at or above the middle) versus ovoid (widest near the base) and other differences, often overlapping, such as more yellow spines, fewer areoles per stem segment, and size differences of fruit. Because both are tetraploid putative hybrids, grow in proximity, and share many character states, I am reluctant to separate them until more evidence is obtained. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 130. | FNA vol. 4, p. 139. | ||||
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Cactus humifusus | |||||
Name authority | (Rafinesque) Rafinesque: Med. Fl. 2: 247. (1830) | Griffiths: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 88, plate 2. (1916) | ||||
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