Opuntia humifusa |
Opuntia ×columbiana |
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devil's-tongue, eastern prickly-pear |
Columbia prickly-pear, grizzleybear pricklypear, grizzlybear prickly pear |
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Habit | Shrubs, forming clumps or often prostrate, usually only 1 or 2 stem segments tall, to 0.5 m (except in Florida where they may be erect and reach to 2+ m with short trunk), flattened to obovoid, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. | Shrubs, low, forming mats, 10–30 cm. | ||||
Stem | segments not disarticulating, dark or bright shiny green, wrinkling when stressed, circular to broadly oblong to obovate, 5–17.5 × 4–12 cm, fleshy, usually tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 4–6 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to circular, 2–4 mm diam., not raised, sometimes somewhat sunken; wool tan to brown. |
segments easily detached to firmly attached, green, flattened, narrowly to broadly obovate, 3.5–9 × 2.5–5 cm, low tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 4–6(–7) per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval, 3.5 × 2.5 mm; wool white. |
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Spines | often absent or 1–2(–3) per areole, spreading, whitish to brownish, terete, straight, and usually stout, 25–60 mm; occasionally also 1 deflexed spine present. |
in most areoles, straight, acicular, terete; major spines 0–1 per areole, reflexed to porrect (rarely ascending), gray-white to brown, (15–)25–40(–60) mm; intermediate spines 0–3, reflexed, 12–20 mm; minor spines 2–4, reflexed, yellow-gray, 3–6 mm. |
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Glochids | in dense crescent of adaxial edge of areole and in dense tuft overtopping crescent in age, yellow to red-brown, to 4 mm. |
loosely packed, in small tuft or crescent at adaxial margin of areole, yellowish, inconspicuous, to 4 mm. |
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Flowers | inner tepals pale to bright yellow throughout, 20–30 mm diam.; filaments yellow to orange; anthers pale yellow to cream; style and stigma lobes white. |
inner tepals yellow throughout, 30–45 mm; filaments white to red; anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes green. |
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Fruits | greenish, tardily becoming apricot to brownish red, elongate, 30–50 × 12–20 mm, fleshy, tapering at base; pulp green and sour, becoming reddish and sweet under ideal conditions; areoles 10–18. |
rarely set, top-shaped to barrel-shaped, 15–20 × 15 mm, glabrous; areoles 10–15, most bearing 3–12 spines or distal spines bearing 1–3 spines. |
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Seeds | tan, 3.5–4.5 mm diam., thickish; girdle protruding to 1 mm. |
tan, large, 5–7 mm; girdle protruding 1–1.5 mm. |
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2n | = 66. |
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Opuntia humifusa |
Opuntia ×columbiana |
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Phenology | Flowering summer (late Jun-early Jul). | |||||
Habitat | Dark basaltic cliffs and derived sands | |||||
Elevation | 100-800 m (300-2600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
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ID; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 130. | FNA vol. 4, p. 146. | ||||
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Cactus humifusus | O. erinacea var. columbiana | ||||
Name authority | (Rafinesque) Rafinesque: Med. Fl. 2: 247. (1830) | Griffiths: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 523. (1916) | ||||
Web links |
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