Opuntia humifusa |
Opuntia stricta |
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devil's-tongue, eastern prickly-pear |
erect pricklypear, nopal estricto, pest pricklypear |
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Habit | Shrubs, forming clumps or often prostrate, usually only 1 or 2 stem segments tall, to 0.5 m (except in Florida where they may be erect and reach to 2+ m with short trunk), flattened to obovoid, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. | Shrubs, sprawling or erect, to 2 m. Stem segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, narrowly elliptic or obovate, 10–25(–40) × 7.5–15(–25) cm, tuberculate, making margins appear scalloped between raised areoles, glabrous; areoles 3–5 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval, 3–6.5 × 3.5 mm; wool dense, tan. | ||||
Stem | segments not disarticulating, dark or bright shiny green, wrinkling when stressed, circular to broadly oblong to obovate, 5–17.5 × 4–12 cm, fleshy, usually tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 4–6 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to circular, 2–4 mm diam., not raised, sometimes somewhat sunken; wool tan to brown. |
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Spines | often absent or 1–2(–3) per areole, spreading, whitish to brownish, terete, straight, and usually stout, 25–60 mm; occasionally also 1 deflexed spine present. |
0–11 per areole, in nearly all areoles to only in some marginal areoles or absent, spreading in all directions, yellow, aging brown, straight or curving, the longest stout, oval in cross section, 12–40(–60) mm, not markedly barbed. |
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Glochids | in dense crescent of adaxial edge of areole and in dense tuft overtopping crescent in age, yellow to red-brown, to 4 mm. |
inconspicuous, few to many in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, yellow, aging brown, often incurved, subequal to increasing in length toward adaxial edge of areole, to 4 mm. |
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Flowers | inner tepals pale to bright yellow throughout, 20–30 mm diam.; filaments yellow to orange; anthers pale yellow to cream; style and stigma lobes white. |
inner tepals light yellow throughout, 25–30 mm; filaments yellow; anthers yellow; style and stigma lobes yellowish. |
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Fruits | greenish, tardily becoming apricot to brownish red, elongate, 30–50 × 12–20 mm, fleshy, tapering at base; pulp green and sour, becoming reddish and sweet under ideal conditions; areoles 10–18. |
purplish throughout, stipitate, ellipsoid or barrel-shaped, 40–60 × 25–30(–40) mm, juicy, spineless; areoles 6–10. |
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Seeds | tan, 3.5–4.5 mm diam., thickish; girdle protruding to 1 mm. |
tan, subcircular, 4–5 × 4–4.5 mm, with slightly irregular surface; girdle protruding to 1 mm. |
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2n | = 44 (cultivated), 66. |
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Opuntia humifusa |
Opuntia stricta |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer (Feb–Jul). | |||||
Habitat | Coastal sand dunes, hammocks, edges of maritime forests, shell middens | |||||
Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
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AL; FL; GA; SC; TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies [South Africa (introduced); Australia (introduced)]
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Opuntia stricta hybridizes with O. engelmannii (apparently var. lindheimeri) forming O. ×alta Griffiths (as species) along the coast of southeastern Texas and adjacent Louisiana. The hexaploid hybrid is arborescent to 3 m; it has stem segments subcircular to oblong-ovate, with a glochid pattern intermediate of the putative parents, all yellow spines, and light green stigma lobes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 130. | FNA vol. 4, p. 133. | ||||
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Cactus humifusus | Cactus strictus, O. dillenii, O. inermis, O. stricta var. dillenii | ||||
Name authority | (Rafinesque) Rafinesque: Med. Fl. 2: 247. (1830) | (Haworth) Haworth: Syn. Pl. Succ., 191. (1812) | ||||
Web links |
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