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devil's-tongue, eastern prickly-pear

blind prickly pear, nopal rojizo

Habit Shrubs, forming clumps or often prostrate, usually only 1 or 2 stem segments tall, to 0.5 m (except in Florida where they may be erect and reach to 2+ m with short trunk), flattened to obovoid, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. Shrubs or trees, with short trunk, many branched, 0.5–1.5 m. Stem segments not disarticulating, grayish green, flattened, reniform, circular, elliptic, or obovate, (7.5–)10–18(–25) × 5–25 cm, low tuberculate, pubescent; areoles 8–13 per diagonal row across midstem segment, circular, 3–3.2 mm diam.; wool white to tan, aging gray.
Stem

segments not disarticulating, dark or bright shiny green, wrinkling when stressed, circular to broadly oblong to obovate, 5–17.5 × 4–12 cm, fleshy, usually tuberculate, glabrous;

areoles 4–6 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to circular, 2–4 mm diam., not raised, sometimes somewhat sunken;

wool tan to brown.

Spines

often absent or 1–2(–3) per areole, spreading, whitish to brownish, terete, straight, and usually stout, 25–60 mm; occasionally also 1 deflexed spine present.

absent.

Glochids

in dense crescent of adaxial edge of areole and in dense tuft overtopping crescent in age, yellow to red-brown, to 4 mm.

numerous, nearly filling areole, red-brown to white, 1–2.5 mm.

Flowers

inner tepals pale to bright yellow throughout, 20–30 mm diam.;

filaments yellow to orange;

anthers pale yellow to cream;

style and stigma lobes white.

inner tepals yellow throughout, aging apricot to orange, obovate-apiculate, 25–38 mm;

filaments whitish;

anthers yellow;

style green;

stigma lobes dark green.

Fruits

greenish, tardily becoming apricot to brownish red, elongate, 30–50 × 12–20 mm, fleshy, tapering at base;

pulp green and sour, becoming reddish and sweet under ideal conditions;

areoles 10–18.

red with green flesh, obovate, 20–35 × 15–23 mm, fleshy, short pubescent, spineless;

umbilicus 5–7 mm deep;

areoles (30–)36–52.

Seeds

tan, 3.5–4.5 mm diam., thickish;

girdle protruding to 1 mm.

yellowish, elliptic to subcircular, angular, 3–3.5 × 2.5–2.8 mm, thick, sides smooth or with 1–2 depressions;

girdle protruding about 0.3 mm.

2n

= 22.

Opuntia humifusa

Opuntia rufida

Phenology Flowering spring (Mar–Apr).
Habitat Calcareous to volcanic flats, hillsides, sandy to gravelly desert soils
Elevation 600-1300 m (2000-4300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
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from FNA
TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango)
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Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Opuntia rufida hybridizes in Mexico with O. microdasys.

The vernacular name is derived from the tendency for the glochids to shed into the eyes of grazing cattle that bump against the plant.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Shrubs forming clumps, often prostrate, usually only 1 or 2 stem segments tall, to 0.5 m
var. humifusa
1. Shrubs or small trees, erect, to 2 m
var. ammophilia
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 130. FNA vol. 4.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia
Sibling taxa
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
Subordinate taxa
O. humifusa var. ammophilia, O. humifusa var. humifusa
Synonyms Cactus humifusus O. microdasys var. rufida, O. rufida var. tortiflora
Name authority (Rafinesque) Rafinesque: Med. Fl. 2: 247. (1830) Engelmann: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 298. (1856)
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