Opuntia humifusa |
Opuntia rufida |
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devil's-tongue, eastern prickly-pear |
blind prickly pear, nopal rojizo |
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Habit | Shrubs, forming clumps or often prostrate, usually only 1 or 2 stem segments tall, to 0.5 m (except in Florida where they may be erect and reach to 2+ m with short trunk), flattened to obovoid, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. | Shrubs or trees, with short trunk, many branched, 0.5–1.5 m. Stem segments not disarticulating, grayish green, flattened, reniform, circular, elliptic, or obovate, (7.5–)10–18(–25) × 5–25 cm, low tuberculate, pubescent; areoles 8–13 per diagonal row across midstem segment, circular, 3–3.2 mm diam.; wool white to tan, aging gray. | ||||
Stem | segments not disarticulating, dark or bright shiny green, wrinkling when stressed, circular to broadly oblong to obovate, 5–17.5 × 4–12 cm, fleshy, usually tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 4–6 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to circular, 2–4 mm diam., not raised, sometimes somewhat sunken; wool tan to brown. |
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Spines | often absent or 1–2(–3) per areole, spreading, whitish to brownish, terete, straight, and usually stout, 25–60 mm; occasionally also 1 deflexed spine present. |
absent. |
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Glochids | in dense crescent of adaxial edge of areole and in dense tuft overtopping crescent in age, yellow to red-brown, to 4 mm. |
numerous, nearly filling areole, red-brown to white, 1–2.5 mm. |
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Flowers | inner tepals pale to bright yellow throughout, 20–30 mm diam.; filaments yellow to orange; anthers pale yellow to cream; style and stigma lobes white. |
inner tepals yellow throughout, aging apricot to orange, obovate-apiculate, 25–38 mm; filaments whitish; anthers yellow; style green; stigma lobes dark green. |
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Fruits | greenish, tardily becoming apricot to brownish red, elongate, 30–50 × 12–20 mm, fleshy, tapering at base; pulp green and sour, becoming reddish and sweet under ideal conditions; areoles 10–18. |
red with green flesh, obovate, 20–35 × 15–23 mm, fleshy, short pubescent, spineless; umbilicus 5–7 mm deep; areoles (30–)36–52. |
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Seeds | tan, 3.5–4.5 mm diam., thickish; girdle protruding to 1 mm. |
yellowish, elliptic to subcircular, angular, 3–3.5 × 2.5–2.8 mm, thick, sides smooth or with 1–2 depressions; girdle protruding about 0.3 mm. |
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2n | = 22. |
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Opuntia humifusa |
Opuntia rufida |
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Phenology | Flowering spring (Mar–Apr). | |||||
Habitat | Calcareous to volcanic flats, hillsides, sandy to gravelly desert soils | |||||
Elevation | 600-1300 m (2000-4300 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
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TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango)
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Opuntia rufida hybridizes in Mexico with O. microdasys. The vernacular name is derived from the tendency for the glochids to shed into the eyes of grazing cattle that bump against the plant. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 130. | FNA vol. 4. | ||||
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Cactus humifusus | O. microdasys var. rufida, O. rufida var. tortiflora | ||||
Name authority | (Rafinesque) Rafinesque: Med. Fl. 2: 247. (1830) | Engelmann: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 298. (1856) | ||||
Web links |
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