Opuntia humifusa |
Opuntia pinkavae |
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devil's-tongue, eastern prickly-pear |
pinkava's pricklypear |
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Habit | Shrubs, forming clumps or often prostrate, usually only 1 or 2 stem segments tall, to 0.5 m (except in Florida where they may be erect and reach to 2+ m with short trunk), flattened to obovoid, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. | Shrubs, low, with ascending to prostrate branches, 10–25 cm. | ||||
Stem | segments not disarticulating, dark or bright shiny green, wrinkling when stressed, circular to broadly oblong to obovate, 5–17.5 × 4–12 cm, fleshy, usually tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 4–6 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to circular, 2–4 mm diam., not raised, sometimes somewhat sunken; wool tan to brown. |
segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, narrowly to broadly obovate, 6.5–15 × 3–11 cm, low tuberculate, glabrous to papillate; areoles (4–)7–8 per diagonal row across midstem segment, subcircular, 3–3.5 mm diam.; wool white. |
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Spines | often absent or 1–2(–3) per areole, spreading, whitish to brownish, terete, straight, and usually stout, 25–60 mm; occasionally also 1 deflexed spine present. |
(0–)1–3(–4) per areole, in distal 20–50(–70)% of areoles, porrect to reflexed, yellow-gray to whitish gray, sometimes brown in basal 1/2, straight, sometimes curved, usually flattened, slender, longest (35–)50–70 mm. |
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Glochids | in dense crescent of adaxial edge of areole and in dense tuft overtopping crescent in age, yellow to red-brown, to 4 mm. |
conspicuous, in broad, dense crescent at adaxial margin of areole, red-brown, to 4 mm, sides sometimes converging into columns. |
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Flowers | inner tepals pale to bright yellow throughout, 20–30 mm diam.; filaments yellow to orange; anthers pale yellow to cream; style and stigma lobes white. |
inner tepals magenta throughout, 25–35 mm; filaments yellow to red-orange to magenta; anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes green. |
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Fruits | greenish, tardily becoming apricot to brownish red, elongate, 30–50 × 12–20 mm, fleshy, tapering at base; pulp green and sour, becoming reddish and sweet under ideal conditions; areoles 10–18. |
tan, 20–30 × 18–20 mm, maturing dry, glabrous to papillate; areoles (16–)24–34, distal areoles bearing 1–4 short spines. |
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Seeds | tan, 3.5–4.5 mm diam., thickish; girdle protruding to 1 mm. |
tan, oval to subcircular, 6.5–8 mm, warped; girdle protruding 1.5–2 mm. |
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2n | = 88. |
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Opuntia humifusa |
Opuntia pinkavae |
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Phenology | Flowering late spring (May–Jun). | |||||
Habitat | Grasslands, margins of pinyon-juniper woodlands, red, sandy or limestone loam soils | |||||
Elevation | 1400-1600 m (4600-5200 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
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AZ; UT |
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Discussion | Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Opuntia pinkavae hybridizes with O. aurea. The name O. pinkavae replaces Opuntia basilaris var. woodburyi W. Earle, which was not validly published. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 130. | FNA vol. 4, p. 145. | ||||
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Cactus humifusus | |||||
Name authority | (Rafinesque) Rafinesque: Med. Fl. 2: 247. (1830) | B. D. Parfitt: Rhodora 99: 223, fig. 1. (1998) | ||||
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