The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

devil's-tongue, eastern prickly-pear

pinkava's pricklypear

Habit Shrubs, forming clumps or often prostrate, usually only 1 or 2 stem segments tall, to 0.5 m (except in Florida where they may be erect and reach to 2+ m with short trunk), flattened to obovoid, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. Shrubs, low, with ascending to prostrate branches, 10–25 cm.
Stem

segments not disarticulating, dark or bright shiny green, wrinkling when stressed, circular to broadly oblong to obovate, 5–17.5 × 4–12 cm, fleshy, usually tuberculate, glabrous;

areoles 4–6 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to circular, 2–4 mm diam., not raised, sometimes somewhat sunken;

wool tan to brown.

segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, narrowly to broadly obovate, 6.5–15 × 3–11 cm, low tuberculate, glabrous to papillate;

areoles (4–)7–8 per diagonal row across midstem segment, subcircular, 3–3.5 mm diam.;

wool white.

Spines

often absent or 1–2(–3) per areole, spreading, whitish to brownish, terete, straight, and usually stout, 25–60 mm; occasionally also 1 deflexed spine present.

(0–)1–3(–4) per areole, in distal 20–50(–70)% of areoles, porrect to reflexed, yellow-gray to whitish gray, sometimes brown in basal 1/2, straight, sometimes curved, usually flattened, slender, longest (35–)50–70 mm.

Glochids

in dense crescent of adaxial edge of areole and in dense tuft overtopping crescent in age, yellow to red-brown, to 4 mm.

conspicuous, in broad, dense crescent at adaxial margin of areole, red-brown, to 4 mm, sides sometimes converging into columns.

Flowers

inner tepals pale to bright yellow throughout, 20–30 mm diam.;

filaments yellow to orange;

anthers pale yellow to cream;

style and stigma lobes white.

inner tepals magenta throughout, 25–35 mm;

filaments yellow to red-orange to magenta;

anthers yellow;

style white;

stigma lobes green.

Fruits

greenish, tardily becoming apricot to brownish red, elongate, 30–50 × 12–20 mm, fleshy, tapering at base;

pulp green and sour, becoming reddish and sweet under ideal conditions;

areoles 10–18.

tan, 20–30 × 18–20 mm, maturing dry, glabrous to papillate;

areoles (16–)24–34, distal areoles bearing 1–4 short spines.

Seeds

tan, 3.5–4.5 mm diam., thickish;

girdle protruding to 1 mm.

tan, oval to subcircular, 6.5–8 mm, warped;

girdle protruding 1.5–2 mm.

2n

= 88.

Opuntia humifusa

Opuntia pinkavae

Phenology Flowering late spring (May–Jun).
Habitat Grasslands, margins of pinyon-juniper woodlands, red, sandy or limestone loam soils
Elevation 1400-1600 m (4600-5200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; UT
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Opuntia pinkavae hybridizes with O. aurea. The name O. pinkavae replaces Opuntia basilaris var. woodburyi W. Earle, which was not validly published.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Shrubs forming clumps, often prostrate, usually only 1 or 2 stem segments tall, to 0.5 m
var. humifusa
1. Shrubs or small trees, erect, to 2 m
var. ammophilia
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 130. FNA vol. 4, p. 145.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia
Sibling taxa
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
Subordinate taxa
O. humifusa var. ammophilia, O. humifusa var. humifusa
Synonyms Cactus humifusus
Name authority (Rafinesque) Rafinesque: Med. Fl. 2: 247. (1830) B. D. Parfitt: Rhodora 99: 223, fig. 1. (1998)
Web links