Opuntia ficus-indica |
Opuntia strigil |
|
---|---|---|
barbary fig, Indian-fig pricklypear, mission prickly-pear, nopal de castilla, tuna, tuna cactus |
marblefruit pricklypear |
|
Habit | Trees, 3–6 m; trunk to 30–45 cm diam. | Shrubs, erect to sprawling, to 1 m. Stem segments not easily detached, green, flattened, obovate to circular, 10–17 × 8.5–14.5 cm, nearly smooth, glabrous; areoles 7–10 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oblong to elliptic, 3–5 × 2.5–3.5 mm; wool yellow-brown to brown, aging gray. |
Stem | segments green, broadly oblong to ovate to narrowly elliptic, (20–)4–60 × 2–3+ cm, low tuberculate; areoles 7–11 per diagonal row across midstem segment, rhombic to subcircular, 2–4(–5) mm diam.; wool brown. |
|
Spines | 1–6 per areole, absent or very highly reduced, or in marginal to nearly all areoles, erect to spreading, whitish, tan, or brown, setaceous only or setaceous and subulate, straight to slightly curved, basally angular-flattened, 1–10(–40) mm; 0–2 small bristlelike deflexed spines to 5 mm. |
5–8(–10) per areole, best developed in distal areoles, usually reflexed, spreading or some erect in marginal areoles, red-brown (often with darker annular rings) with yellow tips, aging blackish, straight or weakly curved, not or slightly flattened near bases; central spines 1(–2), much longer and stouter, ± acicular, 10–40 mm. |
Glochids | along adaxial margin of areole and small, inconspicuous tuft, yellowish, aging brown, less than 2 mm. |
crowded in crescent at adaxial edge of areole and subapical tuft, radiating and well developed in old stem segments, yellow, to 3 mm. |
Flowers | inner tepals yellow to orange throughout, 25–50 mm; filaments and anthers yellow; style bright red; stigma lobes yellow. |
inner tepals cream to lemon yellow, orangish abaxially on midvein areas, broadly spatulate-apiculate, 20–30 mm; filaments cream-yellow; anthers pale yellow; style pale cream; stigma lobes pale greenish yellow. |
Fruits | yellow to orange to purple, 50–100 × 40–90 mm, fleshy to ± juicy, glabrous, usually spineless; areoles 45–60, evenly distributed on fruit. |
red, subspheric, 15–28 × 12–23 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless; umbilicus 4–5 mm deep; areoles 24–36. |
Seeds | pale tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm diam., warped; girdle protruding to 1 mm. |
tan, subcircular to reniform, flattened, warped, 3–4 × 2.7–3.5 mm, 2 mm thick; girdle protruding 0.5–0.8 mm. |
2n | = 88. |
= 22, 44. |
Opuntia ficus-indica |
Opuntia strigil |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr). | Flowering spring (Apr–May). |
Habitat | Coastal chaparral, sage scrub, arid uplands, washes, canyons, disturbed sites | Desert scrub, limestone hills and plains |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 900-1400 m (3000-4600 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; Mexico [Introduced in North America]
|
TX |
Discussion | R. P. Wunderlin (1998) listed this taxon in Florida, but I have not seen specimens. Opuntia ficus-indica, cultivated nearly worldwide, is presumed to be a native of Mexico, but is definitely known only from cultivation or escapes from cultivation. The species has been used for cattle feed, ornament, and fuel. As human food, the young stem segments, “nopalitos,” are eaten as salad or pickled as a vegetable, and the large delicious fruits, “tunas,” are enjoyed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. This species probably originated through selection by native peoples of Mexico for spineless forms of Opuntia streptacantha (also 2n = 88) to ease the culturing and collection of cochineal scale insects for their red dye. Numerous cultivar names are known. Naturalized Opuntia ficus-indica (octoploid, spiny morphotype) is known to hybridize in central California with O. phaeacantha (hexaploid), forming a heptaploid with usually intermediate morphology. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Opuntia strigil is reminiscent of a brown-spined form of O. chlorotica. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 142. | FNA vol. 4, p. 134. |
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cactus ficus-indica, Cactus opuntia, O. compressa, O. vulgaris | |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Opuntia no. 2. (1768) | Engelmann: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 290. (1856) |
Web links |