Opuntia ficus-indica |
Opuntia rufida |
|
---|---|---|
barbary fig, Indian-fig pricklypear, mission prickly-pear, nopal de castilla, tuna, tuna cactus |
blind prickly pear, nopal rojizo |
|
Habit | Trees, 3–6 m; trunk to 30–45 cm diam. | Shrubs or trees, with short trunk, many branched, 0.5–1.5 m. Stem segments not disarticulating, grayish green, flattened, reniform, circular, elliptic, or obovate, (7.5–)10–18(–25) × 5–25 cm, low tuberculate, pubescent; areoles 8–13 per diagonal row across midstem segment, circular, 3–3.2 mm diam.; wool white to tan, aging gray. |
Stem | segments green, broadly oblong to ovate to narrowly elliptic, (20–)4–60 × 2–3+ cm, low tuberculate; areoles 7–11 per diagonal row across midstem segment, rhombic to subcircular, 2–4(–5) mm diam.; wool brown. |
|
Spines | 1–6 per areole, absent or very highly reduced, or in marginal to nearly all areoles, erect to spreading, whitish, tan, or brown, setaceous only or setaceous and subulate, straight to slightly curved, basally angular-flattened, 1–10(–40) mm; 0–2 small bristlelike deflexed spines to 5 mm. |
absent. |
Glochids | along adaxial margin of areole and small, inconspicuous tuft, yellowish, aging brown, less than 2 mm. |
numerous, nearly filling areole, red-brown to white, 1–2.5 mm. |
Flowers | inner tepals yellow to orange throughout, 25–50 mm; filaments and anthers yellow; style bright red; stigma lobes yellow. |
inner tepals yellow throughout, aging apricot to orange, obovate-apiculate, 25–38 mm; filaments whitish; anthers yellow; style green; stigma lobes dark green. |
Fruits | yellow to orange to purple, 50–100 × 40–90 mm, fleshy to ± juicy, glabrous, usually spineless; areoles 45–60, evenly distributed on fruit. |
red with green flesh, obovate, 20–35 × 15–23 mm, fleshy, short pubescent, spineless; umbilicus 5–7 mm deep; areoles (30–)36–52. |
Seeds | pale tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm diam., warped; girdle protruding to 1 mm. |
yellowish, elliptic to subcircular, angular, 3–3.5 × 2.5–2.8 mm, thick, sides smooth or with 1–2 depressions; girdle protruding about 0.3 mm. |
2n | = 88. |
= 22. |
Opuntia ficus-indica |
Opuntia rufida |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr). | Flowering spring (Mar–Apr). |
Habitat | Coastal chaparral, sage scrub, arid uplands, washes, canyons, disturbed sites | Calcareous to volcanic flats, hillsides, sandy to gravelly desert soils |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 600-1300 m (2000-4300 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; Mexico [Introduced in North America]
|
TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango)
|
Discussion | R. P. Wunderlin (1998) listed this taxon in Florida, but I have not seen specimens. Opuntia ficus-indica, cultivated nearly worldwide, is presumed to be a native of Mexico, but is definitely known only from cultivation or escapes from cultivation. The species has been used for cattle feed, ornament, and fuel. As human food, the young stem segments, “nopalitos,” are eaten as salad or pickled as a vegetable, and the large delicious fruits, “tunas,” are enjoyed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. This species probably originated through selection by native peoples of Mexico for spineless forms of Opuntia streptacantha (also 2n = 88) to ease the culturing and collection of cochineal scale insects for their red dye. Numerous cultivar names are known. Naturalized Opuntia ficus-indica (octoploid, spiny morphotype) is known to hybridize in central California with O. phaeacantha (hexaploid), forming a heptaploid with usually intermediate morphology. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Opuntia rufida hybridizes in Mexico with O. microdasys. The vernacular name is derived from the tendency for the glochids to shed into the eyes of grazing cattle that bump against the plant. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 142. | FNA vol. 4. |
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cactus ficus-indica, Cactus opuntia, O. compressa, O. vulgaris | O. microdasys var. rufida, O. rufida var. tortiflora |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Opuntia no. 2. (1768) | Engelmann: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 298. (1856) |
Web links |