Opuntia ficus-indica |
Opuntia pinkavae |
|
---|---|---|
barbary fig, Indian-fig pricklypear, mission prickly-pear, nopal de castilla, tuna, tuna cactus |
pinkava's pricklypear |
|
Habit | Trees, 3–6 m; trunk to 30–45 cm diam. | Shrubs, low, with ascending to prostrate branches, 10–25 cm. |
Stem | segments green, broadly oblong to ovate to narrowly elliptic, (20–)4–60 × 2–3+ cm, low tuberculate; areoles 7–11 per diagonal row across midstem segment, rhombic to subcircular, 2–4(–5) mm diam.; wool brown. |
segments not disarticulating, green, flattened, narrowly to broadly obovate, 6.5–15 × 3–11 cm, low tuberculate, glabrous to papillate; areoles (4–)7–8 per diagonal row across midstem segment, subcircular, 3–3.5 mm diam.; wool white. |
Spines | 1–6 per areole, absent or very highly reduced, or in marginal to nearly all areoles, erect to spreading, whitish, tan, or brown, setaceous only or setaceous and subulate, straight to slightly curved, basally angular-flattened, 1–10(–40) mm; 0–2 small bristlelike deflexed spines to 5 mm. |
(0–)1–3(–4) per areole, in distal 20–50(–70)% of areoles, porrect to reflexed, yellow-gray to whitish gray, sometimes brown in basal 1/2, straight, sometimes curved, usually flattened, slender, longest (35–)50–70 mm. |
Glochids | along adaxial margin of areole and small, inconspicuous tuft, yellowish, aging brown, less than 2 mm. |
conspicuous, in broad, dense crescent at adaxial margin of areole, red-brown, to 4 mm, sides sometimes converging into columns. |
Flowers | inner tepals yellow to orange throughout, 25–50 mm; filaments and anthers yellow; style bright red; stigma lobes yellow. |
inner tepals magenta throughout, 25–35 mm; filaments yellow to red-orange to magenta; anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes green. |
Fruits | yellow to orange to purple, 50–100 × 40–90 mm, fleshy to ± juicy, glabrous, usually spineless; areoles 45–60, evenly distributed on fruit. |
tan, 20–30 × 18–20 mm, maturing dry, glabrous to papillate; areoles (16–)24–34, distal areoles bearing 1–4 short spines. |
Seeds | pale tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm diam., warped; girdle protruding to 1 mm. |
tan, oval to subcircular, 6.5–8 mm, warped; girdle protruding 1.5–2 mm. |
2n | = 88. |
= 88. |
Opuntia ficus-indica |
Opuntia pinkavae |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr). | Flowering late spring (May–Jun). |
Habitat | Coastal chaparral, sage scrub, arid uplands, washes, canyons, disturbed sites | Grasslands, margins of pinyon-juniper woodlands, red, sandy or limestone loam soils |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 1400-1600 m (4600-5200 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; Mexico [Introduced in North America]
|
AZ; UT |
Discussion | R. P. Wunderlin (1998) listed this taxon in Florida, but I have not seen specimens. Opuntia ficus-indica, cultivated nearly worldwide, is presumed to be a native of Mexico, but is definitely known only from cultivation or escapes from cultivation. The species has been used for cattle feed, ornament, and fuel. As human food, the young stem segments, “nopalitos,” are eaten as salad or pickled as a vegetable, and the large delicious fruits, “tunas,” are enjoyed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. This species probably originated through selection by native peoples of Mexico for spineless forms of Opuntia streptacantha (also 2n = 88) to ease the culturing and collection of cochineal scale insects for their red dye. Numerous cultivar names are known. Naturalized Opuntia ficus-indica (octoploid, spiny morphotype) is known to hybridize in central California with O. phaeacantha (hexaploid), forming a heptaploid with usually intermediate morphology. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Opuntia pinkavae hybridizes with O. aurea. The name O. pinkavae replaces Opuntia basilaris var. woodburyi W. Earle, which was not validly published. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 142. | FNA vol. 4, p. 145. |
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cactus ficus-indica, Cactus opuntia, O. compressa, O. vulgaris | |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Opuntia no. 2. (1768) | B. D. Parfitt: Rhodora 99: 223, fig. 1. (1998) |
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