Opuntia ficus-indica |
Opuntia ellisiana |
|
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barbary fig, Indian-fig pricklypear, mission prickly-pear, nopal de castilla, tuna, tuna cactus |
tigertongue |
|
Habit | Trees, 3–6 m; trunk to 30–45 cm diam. | Shrubs, low, spreading, to 2 m. Stem segments strongly interconnected, blue-green, flattened, obovate to ovate or circular, 15–25 × 10–20 cm, glaucous, low tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 5–7 per diagonal row across midstem segment, often fan-shaped with small circular extensions at base, 2.5–5(–10) mm diam., base surrounded by glabrous yellow lip; wool white, aging blackish. |
Stem | segments green, broadly oblong to ovate to narrowly elliptic, (20–)4–60 × 2–3+ cm, low tuberculate; areoles 7–11 per diagonal row across midstem segment, rhombic to subcircular, 2–4(–5) mm diam.; wool brown. |
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Spines | 1–6 per areole, absent or very highly reduced, or in marginal to nearly all areoles, erect to spreading, whitish, tan, or brown, setaceous only or setaceous and subulate, straight to slightly curved, basally angular-flattened, 1–10(–40) mm; 0–2 small bristlelike deflexed spines to 5 mm. |
absent or vestigial, yellow. |
Glochids | along adaxial margin of areole and small, inconspicuous tuft, yellowish, aging brown, less than 2 mm. |
few, scattered, poorly developed, yellow, aging gray to blackish, to 1.5 mm, covered by white, cottony wool. |
Flowers | inner tepals yellow to orange throughout, 25–50 mm; filaments and anthers yellow; style bright red; stigma lobes yellow. |
inner tepals brilliant yellow throughout, fading orange to red, 25–30 mm; filaments white to green; anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes bright light green. |
Fruits | yellow to orange to purple, 50–100 × 40–90 mm, fleshy to ± juicy, glabrous, usually spineless; areoles 45–60, evenly distributed on fruit. |
pink- to red-purple with red pulp, pyriform, 30 × 25 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless; areoles 18–25, usually crowded near apex, long, white woolly. |
Seeds | pale tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm diam., warped; girdle protruding to 1 mm. |
tan, subcircular, 2 mm diam.; girdle broad, projecting 0.5 mm. |
2n | = 88. |
= 22. |
Opuntia ficus-indica |
Opuntia ellisiana |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr). | Flowering spring (May–Jun). |
Habitat | Coastal chaparral, sage scrub, arid uplands, washes, canyons, disturbed sites | Cultivation |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; Mexico [Introduced in North America]
|
AZ; TX; Mexico [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | R. P. Wunderlin (1998) listed this taxon in Florida, but I have not seen specimens. Opuntia ficus-indica, cultivated nearly worldwide, is presumed to be a native of Mexico, but is definitely known only from cultivation or escapes from cultivation. The species has been used for cattle feed, ornament, and fuel. As human food, the young stem segments, “nopalitos,” are eaten as salad or pickled as a vegetable, and the large delicious fruits, “tunas,” are enjoyed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. This species probably originated through selection by native peoples of Mexico for spineless forms of Opuntia streptacantha (also 2n = 88) to ease the culturing and collection of cochineal scale insects for their red dye. Numerous cultivar names are known. Naturalized Opuntia ficus-indica (octoploid, spiny morphotype) is known to hybridize in central California with O. phaeacantha (hexaploid), forming a heptaploid with usually intermediate morphology. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Opuntia ellisiana is only known from cultivation in the United States; the type is from a cultivated plant growing in Corpus Christi, Texas. Opuntia ellisiana has been confused with O. ficus-indica; their fruits are readily separable in the number and distribution of areoles and fruit size. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 142. | FNA vol. 4. |
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cactus ficus-indica, Cactus opuntia, O. compressa, O. vulgaris | O. lindheimeri var. ellisiana |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Opuntia no. 2. (1768) | Griffiths: Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 21: 170, plate 25. (1910) |
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