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barbary fig, Indian-fig pricklypear, mission prickly-pear, nopal de castilla, tuna, tuna cactus

border pricklypear

Habit Trees, 3–6 m; trunk to 30–45 cm diam. Shrubs, erect to sprawling, 0.5–1 m. Stem segments not easily detached, green, flattened, obovate to circular, 10–15 × 7.5–12 cm, nearly smooth, glabrous; areoles 5–7 per diagonal row across midstem segment, ovate or oblong to obovate, 3–5 mm; wool tan.
Stem

segments green, broadly oblong to ovate to narrowly elliptic, (20–)4–60 × 2–3+ cm, low tuberculate;

areoles 7–11 per diagonal row across midstem segment, rhombic to subcircular, 2–4(–5) mm diam.;

wool brown.

Spines

1–6 per areole, absent or very highly reduced, or in marginal to nearly all areoles, erect to spreading, whitish, tan, or brown, setaceous only or setaceous and subulate, straight to slightly curved, basally angular-flattened, 1–10(–40) mm; 0–2 small bristlelike deflexed spines to 5 mm.

4–7 per areole, mostly in distal areoles, black to red-brown with conspicuous brown to yellow tips, fading gray;

longer spines ascending, usually straight, acicular, terete, 25–35 mm; 1–2 smaller spines deflexed, chalky white, to 10 mm; 0–4 additional very small spines.

Glochids

along adaxial margin of areole and small, inconspicuous tuft, yellowish, aging brown, less than 2 mm.

in bushy crescent at adaxial edge of areole and dense subapical tuft, yellow to brown, aging blackish, of unequal lengths, to 5 mm.

Flowers

inner tepals yellow to orange throughout, 25–50 mm;

filaments and anthers yellow;

style bright red;

stigma lobes yellow.

inner tepals yellow throughout, quickly fading to apricot, 25–30 mm;

filaments and anthers yellow;

style whitish;

stigma lobes greenish yellow to yellow.

Fruits

yellow to orange to purple, 50–100 × 40–90 mm, fleshy to ± juicy, glabrous, usually spineless;

areoles 45–60, evenly distributed on fruit.

red-purple, green-yellow interior, spheric-obovoid to pyriform, 15–20 × 12 mm, fleshy, glabrous, spineless;

areoles 20–25.

Seeds

pale tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm diam., warped;

girdle protruding to 1 mm.

tan to gray, subcircular, 3–4 mm diam;

girdle narrowly protruding.

2n

= 88.

= 22.

Opuntia ficus-indica

Opuntia atrispina

Phenology Flowering spring (Apr). Flowering spring.
Habitat Coastal chaparral, sage scrub, arid uplands, washes, canyons, disturbed sites Grasslands, shrublands, limestone hills
Elevation 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) 400-700 m (1300-2300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; Mexico [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

R. P. Wunderlin (1998) listed this taxon in Florida, but I have not seen specimens.

Opuntia ficus-indica, cultivated nearly worldwide, is presumed to be a native of Mexico, but is definitely known only from cultivation or escapes from cultivation. The species has been used for cattle feed, ornament, and fuel. As human food, the young stem segments, “nopalitos,” are eaten as salad or pickled as a vegetable, and the large delicious fruits, “tunas,” are enjoyed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.

This species probably originated through selection by native peoples of Mexico for spineless forms of Opuntia streptacantha (also 2n = 88) to ease the culturing and collection of cochineal scale insects for their red dye. Numerous cultivar names are known.

Naturalized Opuntia ficus-indica (octoploid, spiny morphotype) is known to hybridize in central California with O. phaeacantha (hexaploid), forming a heptaploid with usually intermediate morphology.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Opuntia atrispina has been reported from Coahuila, Mexico (H. Bravo-H. and H. Sánchez-M. 1978–1991, vol. 1), but has not been confirmed by the author.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 142. FNA vol. 4, p. 137.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia
Sibling taxa
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
O. aciculata, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
Synonyms Cactus ficus-indica, Cactus opuntia, O. compressa, O. vulgaris
Name authority (Linnaeus) Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Opuntia no. 2. (1768) Griffiths: Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 21: 172, plate 26 (lower). (1910)
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