Opuntia ficus-indica |
Opuntia aciculata |
|
---|---|---|
barbary fig, Indian-fig pricklypear, mission prickly-pear, nopal de castilla, tuna, tuna cactus |
chenille pricklypear, cowboy's red whiskers |
|
Habit | Trees, 3–6 m; trunk to 30–45 cm diam. | Shrubs, spreading, to 1.2 m. Stem segments not disarticulating, deep green, flattened, subcircular to obovate, 13–20 × 8–10 cm, nearly smooth, glabrous; areoles 5–7 per diagonal row across midstem segment, subcircular, 4–5 mm diam.; wool brown, long. |
Stem | segments green, broadly oblong to ovate to narrowly elliptic, (20–)4–60 × 2–3+ cm, low tuberculate; areoles 7–11 per diagonal row across midstem segment, rhombic to subcircular, 2–4(–5) mm diam.; wool brown. |
|
Spines | 1–6 per areole, absent or very highly reduced, or in marginal to nearly all areoles, erect to spreading, whitish, tan, or brown, setaceous only or setaceous and subulate, straight to slightly curved, basally angular-flattened, 1–10(–40) mm; 0–2 small bristlelike deflexed spines to 5 mm. |
commonly absent or evenly distributed with 1–3(–8) per areole, deflexed, yellow or brown, tipped yellow or mottled brown, straight, acicular, the longest to 50 mm. |
Glochids | along adaxial margin of areole and small, inconspicuous tuft, yellowish, aging brown, less than 2 mm. |
widely and evenly spaced, conspicuous, radiating like star or pincushion, pale to deep red-brown, sometimes tipped yellow, 3–8 mm. |
Flowers | inner tepals yellow to orange throughout, 25–50 mm; filaments and anthers yellow; style bright red; stigma lobes yellow. |
inner tepals yellow, orange, or deep red (rarely magenta), to 30 mm; anthers yellow; filaments and style usually cream to pink; stigma lobes dark green. |
Fruits | yellow to orange to purple, 50–100 × 40–90 mm, fleshy to ± juicy, glabrous, usually spineless; areoles 45–60, evenly distributed on fruit. |
purplish red, ovoid to pyriform, 30–38 × 17–25 mm, juicy, glabrous, spineless; areoles 24–26. |
Seeds | pale tan, subcircular, 4–5 mm diam., warped; girdle protruding to 1 mm. |
subcircular, 3–3.5 mm diam.; girdle size unknown. |
2n | = 88. |
= 44. |
Opuntia ficus-indica |
Opuntia aciculata |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring (Apr). | Flowering spring (Apr–May). |
Habitat | Coastal chaparral, sage scrub, arid uplands, washes, canyons, disturbed sites | Rangeland scrub, gravelly hills |
Elevation | 0-300 m (0-1000 ft) | 100-200 m (300-700 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; Mexico [Introduced in North America]
|
TX |
Discussion | R. P. Wunderlin (1998) listed this taxon in Florida, but I have not seen specimens. Opuntia ficus-indica, cultivated nearly worldwide, is presumed to be a native of Mexico, but is definitely known only from cultivation or escapes from cultivation. The species has been used for cattle feed, ornament, and fuel. As human food, the young stem segments, “nopalitos,” are eaten as salad or pickled as a vegetable, and the large delicious fruits, “tunas,” are enjoyed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. This species probably originated through selection by native peoples of Mexico for spineless forms of Opuntia streptacantha (also 2n = 88) to ease the culturing and collection of cochineal scale insects for their red dye. Numerous cultivar names are known. Naturalized Opuntia ficus-indica (octoploid, spiny morphotype) is known to hybridize in central California with O. phaeacantha (hexaploid), forming a heptaploid with usually intermediate morphology. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Opuntia aciculata is found in the flora area only along the Rio Grande in Webb County, Texas, perhaps introduced. It was reported from Nuevo León, Mexico, according to D. Weniger (1970). The spineless or nearly spineless form with red to deep red tepals is widely cultivated. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 142. | FNA vol. 4. |
Parent taxa | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia | Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Cactus ficus-indica, Cactus opuntia, O. compressa, O. vulgaris | O. lindheimeri var. aciculata |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Opuntia no. 2. (1768) | Griffiths: Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 29: 10. (1916) |
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