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beavertail, beavertail cactus, beavertail pricklypear

Potts' prickly-pear

Habit Shrubs, forming clumps, 1–2(–3) segments tall, to 7–40 cm. Shrubs, forming clumps, to 0.4 m, often from tuberlike rootstocks.
Stem

segments not disarticulating, blue- to yellow-green, sometimes tinged maroon-purple, flattened, spatulate to broadly obovate or subcircular, thick, 5–22(–35) × 2–13.5(–16) cm, nearly smooth, papillose to puberulent (rarely glabrous);

areoles 4–16(–19) per diagonal row across midstem segment, circular to elliptic, 3–5 × 3 mm;

wool white to tan, aging gray.

segments not easily detached, dark green, cuneate-obovate to commonly rhombic, 5–20 × 4–8 cm, fleshy but firm;

areoles 4–6(–8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to subcircular, 2–4 mm diam.;

wool tan.

Spines

0(–8) per areole, when present, usually in distal areoles, spreading, yellow, straight, acicular, 5–25 mm.

(0–)1–6 per areole, usually in distal 40% of stem segment, gray-white to red-brown, erect or reflexed, terete or proximal ones flattened, sometimes spirally twisted, longest to 60 mm, very slender, 0.2 mm diam.

Glochids

numerous, nearly filling areoles, yellow to red-brown or dark brown, to 3 mm.

well developed in adaxial tuft, yellow or tan to brown-red, aging dull brown, to 6 mm.

Flowers

inner tepals pink to magenta throughout (rarely white), 25–40 mm;

filaments red-magenta (rarely pale);

anthers yellowish;

style white to pink;

stigma lobes white to cream.

inner tepals red throughout or with red basal portions, 25–35 mm;

filaments pale yellow;

anthers yellow;

style whitish;

stigma lobes cream to yellow.

Fruits

maturing tan, 20–40 × 15–23 mm, dry at maturity, puberulent, spineless (except in var. treleasei);

umbilicus 5–12 mm deep;

areoles 24–76.

green to yellowish to dull red, long stipitate, elongate-obovoid, 25–40 × 15–40 mm, fleshy, base not narrowed, glabrous, spineless or nearly so;

umbilicus deep;

areoles 14–26.

Seeds

yellowish to tan, ± subspheric but angular, thick, 6.5–9 × 6.5–7 mm, sides smooth or bearing 1–3 depressions;

girdle protruding to 1 mm.

tan to gray, subcircular, 4–5 mm, thickish, warped;

girdle protruding to 0.5 mm.

2n

= 44.

Opuntia basilaris

Opuntia pottsii

Phenology Flowering late spring–early summer (May–Jul).
Habitat Plains, hills, sandy or loamy soils
Elevation 900-1900 m (3000-6200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; UT; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 4 (4 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Plants of Opuntia pottsii that are intermediate morphologically to O. macrorhiza are known in Arizona.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stem segments bearing spines in at least several of distal areoles
var. treleasei
1. Stem segments essentially spineless (rarely 1-few per stem segment)
→ 2
2. Stem segments broadly obovoid to subcircular, erect; areoles (8-)10-16(-19) per diagonal row across midstem segment
var. basilaris
2. Stem segments spatulate to elongate, oblong, usually decumbent; areoles 4-8(-9) per diagonal row across midstem segment
→ 3
3. Stem segments spatulate, apex rounded; areoles 4-8(-9) per diagonal row across midstem segment; Arizona, Utah.
var. longiareolata
3. Stem segments oblong to narrowly spatulate to subcylindric, apex truncate to rounded; areoles 4-6(-7) per diagonal row across midstem segment; California
var. brachyclad
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 144. FNA vol. 4, p. 132.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia
Sibling taxa
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
Subordinate taxa
O. basilaris var. basilaris, O. basilaris var. brachyclad, O. basilaris var. longiareolata, O. basilaris var. treleasei
Synonyms O. ballii, O. delicata, O. filipendula, O. macrorhiza var. pottsii
Name authority Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 298. (1856) Salm-Dyck: Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849, 236. (1850)
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