The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

beavertail, beavertail cactus, beavertail pricklypear

cactus apple, Engelmann's prickly pear

Habit Shrubs, forming clumps, 1–2(–3) segments tall, to 7–40 cm. Shrubs or trees, with short trunk, spreading to sometimes decumbent, 1–3 m. Stem segments not disarticulating, yellow-green to blue-green, flattened, circular to obovate to rhombic, or apex tapering, elongate, 15–40(–120) × 10–40 cm, ± tuberculate, glabrous, often glaucous; areoles 5–8 per diagonal row across mid-stem segments, evenly distributed on stem segment to absent, subcircular to obovate, 4–7 × 4–6 mm; wool tawny, aging blackish.
Stem

segments not disarticulating, blue- to yellow-green, sometimes tinged maroon-purple, flattened, spatulate to broadly obovate or subcircular, thick, 5–22(–35) × 2–13.5(–16) cm, nearly smooth, papillose to puberulent (rarely glabrous);

areoles 4–16(–19) per diagonal row across midstem segment, circular to elliptic, 3–5 × 3 mm;

wool white to tan, aging gray.

Spines

0(–8) per areole, when present, usually in distal areoles, spreading, yellow, straight, acicular, 5–25 mm.

(0–)1–6(–12) per areole, white to yellow, usually red to dark brown at extreme bases, aging gray to ± black, subulate, straight to curved, flattened to angular at least near base, the longest spreading to strongly reflexed, 10–30(–50) mm.

Glochids

numerous, nearly filling areoles, yellow to red-brown or dark brown, to 3 mm.

widely spaced, sparse in crescent at adaxial edge, encircling areole or nearly so, and scattered in subapical tuft, yellow to red-brown, aging gray to blackish, of irregular lengths, to 10 mm.

Flowers

inner tepals pink to magenta throughout (rarely white), 25–40 mm;

filaments red-magenta (rarely pale);

anthers yellowish;

style white to pink;

stigma lobes white to cream.

inner tepals uniformly yellow to buff, sometimes orange to pink to red (rarely whitish), 30–40 mm;

filaments, anthers, and style whitish to cream;

stigma lobes yellow-green to green.

Fruits

maturing tan, 20–40 × 15–23 mm, dry at maturity, puberulent, spineless (except in var. treleasei);

umbilicus 5–12 mm deep;

areoles 24–76.

dark red to purple throughout, sometimes stipitate, ovate-elongate to barrel-shaped, 35–90 × 20–40 mm, juicy (bleeding and staining), glabrous, spineless;

areoles 20–32 usually toward apex.

Seeds

yellowish to tan, ± subspheric but angular, thick, 6.5–9 × 6.5–7 mm, sides smooth or bearing 1–3 depressions;

girdle protruding to 1 mm.

tan to grayish, subcircular to deltoid, flattened, 2.5–6 × 2–5 mm;

girdle protruding 0.3–0.5 mm.

Opuntia basilaris

Opuntia engelmannii

Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; UT; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; LA; NM; NV; TX; UT; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 4 (4 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 5 (5 in the flora).

The basal portions of stems seedlings of Opuntia engelmannii bear long hairlike spines.

The name Opuntia dillei Griffiths has been used for a spineless or nearly spineless morphotype of O. engelmannii.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stem segments bearing spines in at least several of distal areoles
var. treleasei
1. Stem segments essentially spineless (rarely 1-few per stem segment)
→ 2
2. Stem segments broadly obovoid to subcircular, erect; areoles (8-)10-16(-19) per diagonal row across midstem segment
var. basilaris
2. Stem segments spatulate to elongate, oblong, usually decumbent; areoles 4-8(-9) per diagonal row across midstem segment
→ 3
3. Stem segments spatulate, apex rounded; areoles 4-8(-9) per diagonal row across midstem segment; Arizona, Utah.
var. longiareolata
3. Stem segments oblong to narrowly spatulate to subcylindric, apex truncate to rounded; areoles 4-6(-7) per diagonal row across midstem segment; California
var. brachyclad
1. Stem segments becoming very elongate, 2+ times longer than wide, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, often falcate
var. linguiformis
1. Stem segments to 1.5 times longer than wide, commonly circular to obovate to rhomboid
→ 2
2. Spines chalky white, yellow when wetted, with dark red-brown extreme bases.
var. engelmannii
2. Spines pale to dark yellow, not chalky white, at times with red-brown extreme bases
→ 3
3. Stem segments with spines straight or slightly curving, spreading
var. lindheim
3. Stem segments with spines strongly deflexed or arching downward near bases
→ 4
4. Spines arching downward near bases; sc Ari- zona
var. flavispi
4. Spines strongly deflexed; s Texas.
var. flexispi
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 144. FNA vol. 4, p. 135.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia
Sibling taxa
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
Subordinate taxa
O. basilaris var. basilaris, O. basilaris var. brachyclad, O. basilaris var. longiareolata, O. basilaris var. treleasei
O. engelmannii var. engelmannii, O. engelmannii var. flavispi, O. engelmannii var. flexispi, O. engelmannii var. lindheim, O. engelmannii var. linguiformis
Name authority Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 298. (1856) Salm-Dyck ex Engelmann: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 207. (1850)
Web links