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beavertail, beavertail cactus, beavertail pricklypear

Rio Grande pricklypear

Habit Shrubs, forming clumps, 1–2(–3) segments tall, to 7–40 cm. Shrubs or trees, with short spiny trunks, erect, to 1(–1.5) m. Stem segments not disarticulating, light blue-green to yellow-green, flattened, circular to obovate, 8–12 × 8–12 cm, glaucous, ± tuberculate, glabrous; areoles 6–8 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oblong, 4–5 × 1–3 mm; wool brown to blackish.
Stem

segments not disarticulating, blue- to yellow-green, sometimes tinged maroon-purple, flattened, spatulate to broadly obovate or subcircular, thick, 5–22(–35) × 2–13.5(–16) cm, nearly smooth, papillose to puberulent (rarely glabrous);

areoles 4–16(–19) per diagonal row across midstem segment, circular to elliptic, 3–5 × 3 mm;

wool white to tan, aging gray.

Spines

0(–8) per areole, when present, usually in distal areoles, spreading, yellow, straight, acicular, 5–25 mm.

usually 4–12 per areole, evenly distributed on stem segments, spreading, bright yellow to orange, red-brown at extreme base, aging tan to blackish, not chalky white, acicular;

major spines (1–)3–5(–6) per areole, sometimes flattened and/or curved, 20–60 mm;

smaller spines 1–7 per areole, slender, to 20 mm.

Glochids

numerous, nearly filling areoles, yellow to red-brown or dark brown, to 3 mm.

well spaced in very narrow row encircling areole, subapical tuft not or poorly developed, yellow, unequal in length, to 5 mm.

Flowers

inner tepals pink to magenta throughout (rarely white), 25–40 mm;

filaments red-magenta (rarely pale);

anthers yellowish;

style white to pink;

stigma lobes white to cream.

inner tepals yellow with orange to red bases, obovate, 30–40 mm;

filament yellow to pale green;

anthers pale yellow;

style yellow, sometimes basally pinkish;

stigma lobes green.

Fruits

maturing tan, 20–40 × 15–23 mm, dry at maturity, puberulent, spineless (except in var. treleasei);

umbilicus 5–12 mm deep;

areoles 24–76.

green to reddish, turning tan, burlike, 30–40 × 20–25 mm, beginning fleshy, quickly drying, glabrous, bearing several rigid, yellow spines;

areoles 12–25.

Seeds

yellowish to tan, ± subspheric but angular, thick, 6.5–9 × 6.5–7 mm, sides smooth or bearing 1–3 depressions;

girdle protruding to 1 mm.

tan, flattened, irregular in outline, 3–6 mm diam.;

girdle protruding to 1 mm.

2n

= 22.

Opuntia basilaris

Opuntia aureispina

Phenology Flowering spring (May).
Habitat Limestone desert flats, low hills
Elevation 500-600 m (1600-2000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; UT; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Coahuila)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 4 (4 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Opuntia aureispina hybridizes with O. phaeacantha (= O. ×spinosibacca M. S. Anthony) and O. macrocentra (= O. ×rooneyi M. P. Griffith).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stem segments bearing spines in at least several of distal areoles
var. treleasei
1. Stem segments essentially spineless (rarely 1-few per stem segment)
→ 2
2. Stem segments broadly obovoid to subcircular, erect; areoles (8-)10-16(-19) per diagonal row across midstem segment
var. basilaris
2. Stem segments spatulate to elongate, oblong, usually decumbent; areoles 4-8(-9) per diagonal row across midstem segment
→ 3
3. Stem segments spatulate, apex rounded; areoles 4-8(-9) per diagonal row across midstem segment; Arizona, Utah.
var. longiareolata
3. Stem segments oblong to narrowly spatulate to subcylindric, apex truncate to rounded; areoles 4-6(-7) per diagonal row across midstem segment; California
var. brachyclad
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 144. FNA vol. 4.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Opuntia
Sibling taxa
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. aureispina, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
O. aciculata, O. atrispina, O. aurea, O. basilaris, O. chisosensis, O. chlorotica, O. cubensis, O. ellisiana, O. engelmannii, O. ficus-indica, O. fragilis, O. humifusa, O. littoralis, O. macrocentra, O. macrorhiza, O. microdasys, O. oricola, O. phaeacantha, O. pinkavae, O. polyacantha, O. pottsii, O. pusilla, O. rufida, O. santa-rita, O. stricta, O. strigil, O. tortispina, O. triacantha, O. ×columbiana, O. ×curvispina, O. ×occidentalis, O. ×spinosibacca, O. ×vaseyi
Subordinate taxa
O. basilaris var. basilaris, O. basilaris var. brachyclad, O. basilaris var. longiareolata, O. basilaris var. treleasei
Synonyms O. macrocentra var. aureispina
Name authority Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 298. (1856) (S. Brack & K. D. Heil) Pinkava & B. D. Parfitt: J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 33: 150. (2001)
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