Flora of North America species comparison

to 20 per plant, blackish, usually extremely narrow, often almost hairlike, less than 0.1 mm diam., proliferations not reported.

dark brown, to 8 per plant, 0.8-1.3 mm diam., producing proliferations.

spheric, 3-12 mm diam., succulent, cormlike with perforation at apex, apical meristem located at bottom of cavity through which leaves emerge at top, leaves 2 per stem.

upright, 0.3-1 cm, 1.5-2.5mm diam., 2-3 leaves per stem.

stalk to 0.6cm, 0.1-0.2 times as long as trophophore blade.;

trophophore blade lying nearly flat on ground, not folded longitudinally, pale green throughout, deltate to cordate, to 3 × 2 cm, contracted abruptly at truncate to cordate base, apex with apiculum.

stalk 0-3mm, 0-0.1 times length of blade.;

trophophore blade erect to spreading, usually plane or nearly so when alive, gray-green, dull, ovate to trowel-shaped, to 6 × 3cm, fleshy, cuneate to truncate to nearly cordate at base, contracted gradually to acute apex, apiculum mostly absent;

venation coarse, reticulate, areoles large with few free or anastomosing included veinlets.

coarsely reticulate with included veinlets.

arising at ground level, 1-5 times as long as trophophore;

sporangial clusters usually short, less than 1 cm, 2-3 mm wide, with 3-8 pairs of sporangia, apiculum to 1.5 mm.

arising at ground level, 0.8-7 times length of trophophore;

sporangial clusters to 4 × 0.35 cm, with up to 30 pairs of sporangia, apiculum 0.3-1.2 mm.