Flora of North America species comparison

to 20 per plant, blackish, usually extremely narrow, often almost hairlike, less than 0.1 mm diam., proliferations not reported.

to 25 per plant, tan to brown, 0.5-1.5mm diam., straight, producing proliferations.

spheric, 3-12 mm diam., succulent, cormlike with perforation at apex, apical meristem located at bottom of cavity through which leaves emerge at top, leaves 2 per stem.

upright, to 1.5 cm, 4 mm diam., leaves 1-2 per stem.

stalk to 0.6cm, 0.1-0.2 times as long as trophophore blade.;

trophophore blade lying nearly flat on ground, not folded longitudinally, pale green throughout, deltate to cordate, to 3 × 2 cm, contracted abruptly at truncate to cordate base, apex with apiculum.

stalk to 0.1 cm, 0.01 times length of blade.;

trophophore blade erect to spreading, commonly ± folded when alive, uniformly pale green throughout when dried, dull, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 10 × 4.5 cm, firm, herbaceous, base narrowed abruptly, apex with apiculum to 0.8 mm;

venation complex-reticulate, veinlets forming numerous, very tiny, secondary areoles within the major areoles.

coarsely reticulate with included veinlets.

arising at ground level, 1-5 times as long as trophophore;

sporangial clusters usually short, less than 1 cm, 2-3 mm wide, with 3-8 pairs of sporangia, apiculum to 1.5 mm.

arising at ground level, 1.3-2.5 times as long as trophophore;

sporangial clusters 2-4 × 0.13-0.31 cm, pairs of sporangia 20-40, apiculum 0-1.3 mm.