Flora of North America species comparison

to 20 per plant, blackish, usually extremely narrow, often almost hairlike, less than 0.1 mm diam., proliferations not reported.

to 16 per plant, pale brown, 0.5-1 mm diam., producing proliferations.

spheric, 3-12 mm diam., succulent, cormlike with perforation at apex, apical meristem located at bottom of cavity through which leaves emerge at top, leaves 2 per stem.

upright, to 1.6 cm, 5mm diam., commonly 2 leaves per stem.

stalk to 0.6cm, 0.1-0.2 times as long as trophophore blade.;

trophophore blade lying nearly flat on ground, not folded longitudinally, pale green throughout, deltate to cordate, to 3 × 2 cm, contracted abruptly at truncate to cordate base, apex with apiculum.

stalk 0-1.8cm, to 2.5 times length of trophophore blade.;

trophophore blade erect to spreading, commonly ± folded when alive, green, dull, without pale central band when dried, to 4.3 × 1 cm (rarely 0.4 × 0.3 mm), herbaceous, thick, gradually tapering to base, apex attenuate;

venation complex-reticulate, with numerous parallel narrow areoles, each with 1-several included veinlets.

coarsely reticulate with included veinlets.

arising at ground level, 1-5 times as long as trophophore;

sporangial clusters usually short, less than 1 cm, 2-3 mm wide, with 3-8 pairs of sporangia, apiculum to 1.5 mm.

arising near ground level, 1-2.5 times length of trophophore;

sporangial clusters 8-15 × 1-3 mm, with 8-15 pairs of sporangia, apiculum 0.3-1 mm.