Ophioglossum californicum |
Ophioglossum pusillum |
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California Adder's-tongue |
Adder's tongue fern, herbe-sans-couture, northern Adder's-tongue, northern Adder's-tongue fern, southern Adder's-tongue |
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Roots | to 16 per plant, pale brown, 0.5-1 mm diam., producing proliferations. |
yellow to tan, to 15 per plant, 0.3-1 mm diam., producing proliferations. |
Stem | upright, to 1.6 cm, 5mm diam., commonly 2 leaves per stem. |
upright, to 2 cm, 3mm diam., 1 leaf per stem. |
Trophophore | stalk 0-1.8cm, to 2.5 times length of trophophore blade.; trophophore blade erect to spreading, commonly ± folded when alive, green, dull, without pale central band when dried, to 4.3 × 1 cm (rarely 0.4 × 0.3 mm), herbaceous, thick, gradually tapering to base, apex attenuate; venation complex-reticulate, with numerous parallel narrow areoles, each with 1-several included veinlets. |
stalk expanding gradually into blade.; trophophore blade erect or spreading, usually plane when alive, pale green, dull, mostly oblanceolate to obovate to ovate, widest point in middle, to 10 × 3.5 cm, soft, herbaceous, base tapering gradually, apex rounded; venation complex-reticulate, with included free veinlets in areoles. |
Sporophores | arising near ground level, 1-2.5 times length of trophophore; sporangial clusters 8-15 × 1-3 mm, with 8-15 pairs of sporangia, apiculum 0.3-1 mm. |
arising at ground level, 2.5-4.5 times length of trophophore; sporangial clusters 20-45 × 1-4 mm, with 10-40 pairs of sporangia, apiculum 1-2 mm. |
2n | =960. |
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Ophioglossum californicum |
Ophioglossum pusillum |
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Phenology | Leaves appearing in late winter and early spring; apparently absent during dry years. | Leaves appearing midspring. |
Habitat | Open grassy fields and prairies | Frequent and widespread, open fens, marsh edges, pastures, and grassy shores and roadside ditches, north of the southern boundary of Wisconsin glaciation |
Elevation | 50-300 m (200-1000 ft) | 100-2000 m (300-6600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; Mexico
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AK; CA; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SD; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; BC; NB; NS; ON; QC
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Discussion | Ophioglossum californicum differs from the Old World species O. lusitanicum in that O. lusitanicum has a narrowly linear to linear-oblanceolate trophophore that is 1/4 to 1/2 as wide as long; O. lusitanicum also has a much simpler venation and usually lacks an apiculum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Ophioglossum pusillum is inconspicuous and may be much more common than collections indicate. It differs from O. vulgatum in having an ephemeral, membranous basal sheath. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | Ophioglossaceae > Ophioglossum | Ophioglossaceae > Ophioglossum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. lusitanicum subsp. californicum | O. vulgatum var. pseudopodum |
Name authority | Prantl: Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 355. (1883) | Rafinesque: Précis Découv. Somiol. 46. (1814) |
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