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California Adder's-tongue

limestone Adder's-tongue

Roots

to 16 per plant, pale brown, 0.5-1 mm diam., producing proliferations.

to 25 per plant, tan to brown, 0.5-1.5mm diam., straight, producing proliferations.

Stem

upright, to 1.6 cm, 5mm diam., commonly 2 leaves per stem.

upright, to 1.5 cm, 4 mm diam., leaves 1-2 per stem.

Trophophore

stalk 0-1.8cm, to 2.5 times length of trophophore blade.;

trophophore blade erect to spreading, commonly ± folded when alive, green, dull, without pale central band when dried, to 4.3 × 1 cm (rarely 0.4 × 0.3 mm), herbaceous, thick, gradually tapering to base, apex attenuate;

venation complex-reticulate, with numerous parallel narrow areoles, each with 1-several included veinlets.

stalk to 0.1 cm, 0.01 times length of blade.;

trophophore blade erect to spreading, commonly ± folded when alive, uniformly pale green throughout when dried, dull, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 10 × 4.5 cm, firm, herbaceous, base narrowed abruptly, apex with apiculum to 0.8 mm;

venation complex-reticulate, veinlets forming numerous, very tiny, secondary areoles within the major areoles.

Sporophores

arising near ground level, 1-2.5 times length of trophophore;

sporangial clusters 8-15 × 1-3 mm, with 8-15 pairs of sporangia, apiculum 0.3-1 mm.

arising at ground level, 1.3-2.5 times as long as trophophore;

sporangial clusters 2-4 × 0.13-0.31 cm, pairs of sporangia 20-40, apiculum 0-1.3 mm.

Ophioglossum californicum

Ophioglossum engelmannii

Phenology Leaves appearing in late winter and early spring; apparently absent during dry years. Leaves appearing early–late spring, often with second flush later in season following summer rains.
Habitat Open grassy fields and prairies Mostly in soil over limestone in open fields, pastures, and cedar glades
Elevation 50-300 m (200-1000 ft) 50-1000 m (200-3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; Mexico
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from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; NM; OH; OK; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America
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Discussion

Ophioglossum californicum differs from the Old World species O. lusitanicum in that O. lusitanicum has a narrowly linear to linear-oblanceolate trophophore that is 1/4 to 1/2 as wide as long; O. lusitanicum also has a much simpler venation and usually lacks an apiculum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 2. FNA vol. 2.
Parent taxa Ophioglossaceae > Ophioglossum Ophioglossaceae > Ophioglossum
Sibling taxa
O. crotalophoroides, O. engelmannii, O. nudicaule, O. petiolatum, O. pusillum, O. vulgatum
O. californicum, O. crotalophoroides, O. nudicaule, O. petiolatum, O. pusillum, O. vulgatum
Synonyms O. lusitanicum subsp. californicum
Name authority Prantl: Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 355. (1883) Prantl: Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 1: 351. (1883)
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