Oenothera texensis |
Oenothera sinuosa |
|
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Texas evening primrose |
wavy-leaf gaura, wavyleaf beeblossom |
|
Habit | Herbs perennial, caulescent, strigillose and also sparsely hirsute; from slender taproot. | Herbs perennial, usually glabrous, sometimes strigillose and villous, hairs erect; from a woody taproot but spreading by rhizomes (forming extensive colonies). |
Stems | several–many, ascending, unbranched or branched, 25–50 cm. |
erect, branched below and just above ground, branched also proximal to inflorescences, 40–120(–250) cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal (1–)2.5–6.5 × 0.6–2.3 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate or ovate, margins weakly serrulate to sinuate-pinnatifid; cauline 1–5.5 × 0.6–2 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, margins weakly serrulate. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, (1–)3–11 × (0.1–)0.5–2 cm, blade linear to narrowly oblanceolate, margins usually sparsely sinuate-dentate, rarely subentire, often undulate. |
Inflorescences | erect. |
stout. |
Flowers | 1–3 opening per day near sunrise; buds with free tips 0–1 mm; floral tube 15–26 mm; sepals 15–23 mm; petals rose purple, fading darker, 12–25(–30) mm; filaments 9–13 mm, anthers 3.5–6mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 26–36 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 2.5–5 mm; sepals 7–14 mm; petals white, fading pink to red, slightly unequal, elliptic, 7–15 mm; stamens presented in lower 1/2 of flower, filaments 5–11 mm, lanate at very base, anthers 3–5 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 12–19 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | clavate or narrowly obovoid, 9–15 × 3.5–6 mm, apex attenuate to a sterile beak, valve midrib prominent in distal part, proximal stipe 7–12(–28) mm, gradually taperingto base; sessile. |
narrowly ovoid, narrowly 4-winged or 4-angled, 8–15 × 1.5–3.5 mm, abruptly constricted to a long, sterile stipe 2–8 mm. |
Seeds | narrowly obovoid, 0.8–1 × 0.2–0.4 mm. |
(1 or)2–4, light to reddish brown, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 28. |
Oenothera texensis |
Oenothera sinuosa |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Sep. | Flowering Apr–Aug. |
Habitat | Sandy and gravel bars of streambeds and along streams. | Flats and washes in light sandy loam. |
Elevation | 900–2500 m. (3000–8200 ft.) | 0–300(–1300) m. (0–1000(–4300) ft.) |
Distribution |
TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Tamaulipas) |
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; MO; NY; OK; TX [Introduced in Europe (Italy), s Africa]
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Discussion | In the flora area, Oenothera texensis is known only from Jeff Davis County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined Oenothera sinuosa to be self-incompatible. Oenothera sinuosa is endemic to Oklahoma and Texas and is escaped or naturalized in Alabama, Arkansas, California (where found to 1300 m), Florida, Georgia, Missouri, and New York. Oenothera sinuosa is potentially a noxious weed due to the aggressive rhizomatous habit, but is somewhat limited by its self-incompatibility. Molecular data (G. D. Hoggard et al. 2004) are consistent with the hypothesis that the allotetraploid (2n = 28) O. sinuosa arose by interspecific hybridization of two species within subsect. Stipogaura as suggested by P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]). The molecular data indicate that the pistillate parent came from O. calcicola or a close relative, while the staminate parent originated from the lineage that gave rise to O. cinerea and O. filipes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura sinuata | |
Name authority | P. H. Raven & D. R. Parnell: Madroño 20: 247. (1970) | W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 214. (2007) |
Web links |