Oenothera tetraptera |
Oenothera arizonica |
|
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fourwing evening-primrose |
California evening primrose |
|
Habit | Herbs annual or perennial, strigillose and also hirsute; from a slender taproot. | Herbs winter-annual, younger parts sparsely to densely strigillose and sparsely to densely hirsute, older stems glabrate; from a taproot. |
Stems | 15–50 cm. |
ascending to erect, with decumbent branches, thickened at base, tapering toward apex, 10–35(–60) cm. |
Leaves | 2.5–10 × 0.6–2.5 cm; petiole 0.2–2.2 cm; blade usually lanceolate to oblanceolate, sometimes elliptic, margins weakly serrate to sinuate-pinnatifid. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–10(–26) × 0.6–1.5(–3.5) cm, cauline 5–8(–15.5) × 1–2 cm; petiole 0–12 cm; blade lanceolate to oblanceolate, margins pinnatifid or sometimes coarsely serrate. |
Flowers | 1–3 opening per day near sunset; buds with free tips 0.5–3 mm; floral tube 10–30 mm; sepals 20–40 mm; petals white, fading pink, 20–43 mm; filaments 12–18 mm, anthers 5–10 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 19–67 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
1–several opening per day near sunset; buds nodding, weakly quadrangular, without free tips; floral tube 26–31 mm; sepals 19–26 mm, conspicuously maroon-spotted, each spot at base of a long hair; petals white, fading pink to deep pink, broadly obovate or obcordate, 16–26(–36) mm; filaments 9–15 mm, anthers 7–9 mm; style 45–50 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | broadly clavate or obovoid, 20–51 × 5–7 mm, winged, wings 2–4 mm, valve surface with prominent midrib, proximal stipe 8–45 mm; sessile. |
spreading, woody in age, curved upward, or distal end recurved, cylindrical, obtusely 4-angled, especially toward base, tapering gradually from base to apex, 30–80 × 2.5–3.5 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | narrowly obovoid, 1–1.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm. |
numerous, in 1 row per locule, light brown to yellowish brown with dark purple splotches, obovoid, 1.6–2 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera tetraptera |
Oenothera arizonica |
|
Phenology | Flowering Feb–May. | Flowering (Oct–)Feb–May. |
Habitat | Alluvial flats, open areas, sandy soil, weedy sites. | Gravelly or sandy soil, along watercourses, disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 10–300[–2000] m. (0–1000[–6600] ft.) | 200–1400 m. (700–4600 ft.) |
Distribution |
TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies (Jamaica); n South America [Introduced widely in temperate Europe, Asia, s Africa, Australia]
|
AZ; Mexico (Sonora) |
Discussion | In the flora area, Oenothera tetraptera is known only from southern Texas. Oenothera tetraptera presumably has become naturalized in South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela), West Indies (Jamaica), Europe, Asia, South Africa, and Australia. Oenothera candida Dumont Courset is a superfluous name, as is O. candida Bellardi ex Colla, and they both pertain here. The name Hartmannia macrantha Spach is illegitimate and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera arizonica occurs in southern Arizona from Maricopa and Yuma counties to Cochise County, and from scattered localities in northern Sonora, Mexico, including Cerro Tepopa, Puerto Libertad, and Tastiota. The populations from southwestern Arizona (Yuma County) southward to Sonora often grow on low dunes. Populations from sand dunes in Yuma County, Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge, appear to be a large phenotype of Oenothera arizonica that differ from all other specimens in the size of vegetative parts and flowers, and comprise all of the atypical measurements given in the description. Oenothera arizonica typically grows on dunes in Sonora, but rarely so in Arizona. Populations growing on dunes should be studied further and compared to non-dune populations in the northern and eastern portion of the range. Oenothera arizonica is self-compatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 2007; K. E. Theiss et al. 2010). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Hartmannia latiflora, H. tetraptera, O. latiflora, O. tetraptera var. immutabilis, Xylopleurum tetrapterum | O. deltoides var. arizonica, O. avita subsp. arizonica, O. californica subsp. arizonica |
Name authority | Cavanilles: Icon. 3: 40, plate 279. (1796) | (Munz) W. L. Wagner: Novon 8: 308. (1998) |
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