Oenothera suffrutescens |
Oenothera podocarpa |
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linda tarde, scarlet beeblossom, scarlet evening-primrose, scarlet gaura, wild honeysuckle |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, densely strigillose, sometimes also long-villous proximally, sometimes glabrate; from a deep, thick taproot, often with branching underground stems, or branching only at surface, these often becoming horizontal or nearly so and giving rise to new plants. | Herbs annual, villous proximally, glabrate, strigillose and/or glandular puberulent distally, leaves glabrate to densely villous, glabrate in age; from stout taproot. |
Stems | erect or ascending, usually many-branched, 10–120 cm. |
ascending to erect, unbranched or well-branched at base and distally, 15–100 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette (but not present at flowering) and cauline, 0.7–6.5 × 0.1–1.5 cm, blade linear to narrowly elliptic, margins entire or remotely and coarsely serrate. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 3–15 × 0.5–1 cm, blade lyrate; cauline 1–9 × 0.1–0.8 cm, blade linear to very narrowly elliptic or narrowly lanceolate, margins sinuate-dentate to subentire. |
Flowers | 4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 4–11(–13) mm; sepals 5–9(–10) mm; petals white, fading salmon pink to scarlet-red, slightly unequal, obovate to elliptic-obovate or elliptic, 3–7(–8) mm, abruptly clawed; filaments 3–6.5(–7) mm, anthers (2.5–)3–5(–5.5) mm; style 10–22 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
4-merous, zygomorphic, opening at sunset; floral tube 6–10 mm; sepals 6–12 mm; petals white, fading pink to red, narrowly obovate, 5.5–9.5 mm, short-clawed; filaments 4–6 mm, anthers 2–3 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 11–19 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | erect, pyramidal in distal 1/2 and abruptly constricted to terete proximal part, pyramidal part weakly or strongly angled, not conspicuously bulging at base, 4–9 × (1–)1.5–3 mm; sessile. |
ellipsoid or narrowly obovoid, narrowly 4-winged, furrowed between wings, 6–8 × 2–3 mm, narrowed at base, stipe 0 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | (1–)3 or 4, light to reddish brown, 1.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm. |
4, yellowish to reddish brown, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 14, 28, 42, 56. |
= 14. |
Oenothera suffrutescens |
Oenothera podocarpa |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Aug(–Nov). | Flowering (May–)Jun–Oct. |
Habitat | Sandy or clay soil, often calcareous, desert shrublands to pinyon-juniper or oak woodlands, grasslands, disturbed areas. | Disturbed sites, sandy washes, slopes, grasslands, meadows, pinyon-juniper or ponderosa pine woodlands, on volcanic cinders. |
Elevation | 150–2000(–3000) m. (500–6600(–9800) ft.) | 700–2800 m. (2300–9200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; IL; IN; KS; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; NY; OK; SD; TX; UT; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas); introduced in South America (Brazil); Europe (Wales)
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AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora) |
Discussion | Oenothera suffrutescens is naturalized sporadically in southern California (Los Angeles, San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties; although native in eastern part of the state), Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, New York, southern Ontario, and Wisconsin. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined Oenothera suffrutescens to be self-incompatible and polyploid. It is known to form hybrids with O. calcicola and O. hispida. Schizocarya kunthii Spach is an illegitimate name based on Gaura epilobioides that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera podocarpa occurs in Arizona from eastern Mohave County south through the mountains of central Arizona to eastern Pima County and the southwestern quarter of New Mexico, and in Mexico southward in the Sierra Madre Occidental to eastern Sonora and throughout the western halves of Chihuahua and Durango. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined O. podocarpa to be self-compatible and primarily autogamous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Campogaura | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura suffrutescens, G. bracteata, G. coccinea, G. coccinea var. arizonica, G. coccinea var. epilobioides, G. coccinea var. glabra, G. coccinea var. integerrima, G. coccinea var. parvifolia, G. epilobioides, G. glabra, G. induta, G. linearis, G. marginata, G. multicaulis, G. odorata, G. parvifolia, G. spicata | Gaura podocarpa, G. brassicacea, G. glandulosa, G. gracilis, G. hexandra subsp. gracilis, G. strigillosa, O. hexandra subsp. gracilis |
Name authority | (Seringe) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 214. (2007) | (Wooton & Standley) Krakos & W. L. Wagner: PhytoKeys 28: 68. (2013) |
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