Oenothera suffrutescens |
Oenothera boquillensis |
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linda tarde, scarlet beeblossom, scarlet evening-primrose, scarlet gaura, wild honeysuckle |
Rio Grande beeblossom |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, densely strigillose, sometimes also long-villous proximally, sometimes glabrate; from a deep, thick taproot, often with branching underground stems, or branching only at surface, these often becoming horizontal or nearly so and giving rise to new plants. | Herbs perennial, strigillose and glandular puberulent; from a narrow taproot. |
Stems | erect or ascending, usually many-branched, 10–120 cm. |
erect, usually branched several cm belowground or near base, sometimes also branched distally, 25–100 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette (but not present at flowering) and cauline, 0.7–6.5 × 0.1–1.5 cm, blade linear to narrowly elliptic, margins entire or remotely and coarsely serrate. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 1–6.5(–13) × 0.4–1.5 cm, blade narrowly oblanceolate; cauline 0.5–3(–6.5) × 0.1–1.1 cm, blade very narrowly elliptic, narrowly lanceolate, or linear, margins sinuate-dentate to subentire. |
Flowers | 4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 4–11(–13) mm; sepals 5–9(–10) mm; petals white, fading salmon pink to scarlet-red, slightly unequal, obovate to elliptic-obovate or elliptic, 3–7(–8) mm, abruptly clawed; filaments 3–6.5(–7) mm, anthers (2.5–)3–5(–5.5) mm; style 10–22 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
4-merous, slightly zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 3–8.5 mm; sepals 3–9 mm; petals white, fading pink to red, slightly unequal, elliptic-obovate, 4–10 mm, clawed; filaments 2–4.5 mm, anthers 2–4 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 6.5–15 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | erect, pyramidal in distal 1/2 and abruptly constricted to terete proximal part, pyramidal part weakly or strongly angled, not conspicuously bulging at base, 4–9 × (1–)1.5–3 mm; sessile. |
erect, sometimes reflexed in age, fusiform, sometimes slightly narrowed in proximal 1/3, 5.5–13 × 1–2.5 mm, valves with inconspicuous raised midrib; sessile. |
Seeds | (1–)3 or 4, light to reddish brown, 1.5–3 × 1–1.5 mm. |
(1 or)2–4, yellowish or light brown, 1.5–2.5 × 0.8–1.3 mm. |
2n | = 14, 28, 42, 56. |
= 14. |
Oenothera suffrutescens |
Oenothera boquillensis |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Aug(–Nov). | Flowering May–Aug. |
Habitat | Sandy or clay soil, often calcareous, desert shrublands to pinyon-juniper or oak woodlands, grasslands, disturbed areas. | Washes, sandy canyon sides. |
Elevation | 150–2000(–3000) m. (500–6600(–9800) ft.) | 600–1400 m. (2000–4600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CO; IA; IL; IN; KS; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; NY; OK; SD; TX; UT; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; SK; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Zacatecas); introduced in South America (Brazil); Europe (Wales)
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TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León) |
Discussion | Oenothera suffrutescens is naturalized sporadically in southern California (Los Angeles, San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Ventura counties; although native in eastern part of the state), Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, New York, southern Ontario, and Wisconsin. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined Oenothera suffrutescens to be self-incompatible and polyploid. It is known to form hybrids with O. calcicola and O. hispida. Schizocarya kunthii Spach is an illegitimate name based on Gaura epilobioides that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera boquillensis has a narrow distribution in canyons from near the Rio Grande River in southern Brewster County southward into Mexico from central Chihuahua, Coahuila, and western Nuevo León. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined O. boquillensis to be self-incompatible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Campogaura | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Campogaura |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura suffrutescens, G. bracteata, G. coccinea, G. coccinea var. arizonica, G. coccinea var. epilobioides, G. coccinea var. glabra, G. coccinea var. integerrima, G. coccinea var. parvifolia, G. epilobioides, G. glabra, G. induta, G. linearis, G. marginata, G. multicaulis, G. odorata, G. parvifolia, G. spicata | Gaura boquillensis |
Name authority | (Seringe) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 214. (2007) | (P. H. Raven & D. P. Gregory) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 211. (2007) |
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