Oenothera sinuosa |
Oenothera linifolia |
|
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wavy-leaf gaura, wavyleaf beeblossom |
threadleaf evening-primrose, threadleaf sundrop |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, usually glabrous, sometimes strigillose and villous, hairs erect; from a woody taproot but spreading by rhizomes (forming extensive colonies). | Herbs annual, caulescent, strigillose or glabrous, also often glandular puberulent, especially distally; from a sparsely branched taproot. |
Stems | erect, branched below and just above ground, branched also proximal to inflorescences, 40–120(–250) cm. |
unbranched or with many ascending branches arising near base, erect, 10–50 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, (1–)3–11 × (0.1–)0.5–2 cm, blade linear to narrowly oblanceolate, margins usually sparsely sinuate-dentate, rarely subentire, often undulate. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 1–2(–4) × 0.2–0.6 cm, petiole 0.2–1(–1.5) cm, blade ovate to obovate or narrowly elliptic; cauline 1–4 × less than 0.1 cm, sessile, blade linear or filiform. |
Inflorescences | stout. |
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Flowers | 4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 2.5–5 mm; sepals 7–14 mm; petals white, fading pink to red, slightly unequal, elliptic, 7–15 mm; stamens presented in lower 1/2 of flower, filaments 5–11 mm, lanate at very base, anthers 3–5 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 12–19 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
usually 1–3 opening per day near sunrise; buds without free tips; sepals 1.5–2 mm; petals bright yellow, fading pink, obcordate to obovate, 3–5(–7) mm; filaments 1–2 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm; style 1–2 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | narrowly ovoid, narrowly 4-winged or 4-angled, 8–15 × 1.5–3.5 mm, abruptly constricted to a long, sterile stipe 2–8 mm. |
ellipsoid-rhombic to subglobose, 4-angled, 4–6(–10) × 1.5–3 mm, stipe 0–4 mm, valve midrib raised at distal end, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent distally; sessile. |
Seeds | (1 or)2–4, light to reddish brown, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm. |
clustered in each locule, ovoid, surface minutely papillose, 1 × 0.5 mm. |
2n | = 28. |
= 14. |
Oenothera sinuosa |
Oenothera linifolia |
|
Phenology | Flowering Apr–Aug. | Flowering Apr–Jun(–Aug). |
Habitat | Flats and washes in light sandy loam. | Prairies, open woodlands, open rocky and sandy sites, roadsides. |
Elevation | 0–300(–1300) m. (0–1000(–4300) ft.) | 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; MO; NY; OK; TX [Introduced in Europe (Italy), s Africa]
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AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; OK; SC; TN; TX
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Discussion | P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined Oenothera sinuosa to be self-incompatible. Oenothera sinuosa is endemic to Oklahoma and Texas and is escaped or naturalized in Alabama, Arkansas, California (where found to 1300 m), Florida, Georgia, Missouri, and New York. Oenothera sinuosa is potentially a noxious weed due to the aggressive rhizomatous habit, but is somewhat limited by its self-incompatibility. Molecular data (G. D. Hoggard et al. 2004) are consistent with the hypothesis that the allotetraploid (2n = 28) O. sinuosa arose by interspecific hybridization of two species within subsect. Stipogaura as suggested by P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]). The molecular data indicate that the pistillate parent came from O. calcicola or a close relative, while the staminate parent originated from the lineage that gave rise to O. cinerea and O. filipes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Kneiffia linearifolia Spach (1835) is an illegitimate name based on Oenothera linifolia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Stipogaura | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Peniophyllum |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura sinuata | Kneiffia linifolia, O. linifolia var. glandulosa, Peniophyllum linifolium |
Name authority | W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 214. (2007) | Nuttall: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 2: 120. (1821) |
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