Oenothera sinuosa |
Oenothera gayleana |
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wavy-leaf gaura, wavyleaf beeblossom |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, usually glabrous, sometimes strigillose and villous, hairs erect; from a woody taproot but spreading by rhizomes (forming extensive colonies). | Herbs perennial, sometimes suffrutescent, usually strigillose, sometimes glabrous; from a stout taproot. |
Stems | erect, branched below and just above ground, branched also proximal to inflorescences, 40–120(–250) cm. |
many, ascending to erect, branched from base, 15–30(–40) cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, (1–)3–11 × (0.1–)0.5–2 cm, blade linear to narrowly oblanceolate, margins usually sparsely sinuate-dentate, rarely subentire, often undulate. |
2.5–3.5 × 0.1–0.2 cm, rarely fascicles of small leaves present in non-flowering axils; petiole 0–0.1 cm; blade linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate, folded lengthwise, base long-attenuate, margins subentire or serrulate, apex acute. |
Inflorescences | stout. |
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Flowers | 4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 2.5–5 mm; sepals 7–14 mm; petals white, fading pink to red, slightly unequal, elliptic, 7–15 mm; stamens presented in lower 1/2 of flower, filaments 5–11 mm, lanate at very base, anthers 3–5 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 12–19 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunrise; buds with free tips 0–0.5 mm; floral tube 7 mm; sepals 4–6 mm, midribs keeled; petals yellow, fading yellow to orange, 15–20 mm; antisepalous filaments 5 mm, antipetalous filaments 2 mm, anthers 3–4 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 10 mm, stigma discoid to quadrangular, exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | narrowly ovoid, narrowly 4-winged or 4-angled, 8–15 × 1.5–3.5 mm, abruptly constricted to a long, sterile stipe 2–8 mm. |
18–20 × 2 mm, hard, dehiscent 1/2 their length, often tardily dehiscent throughout their length. |
Seeds | (1 or)2–4, light to reddish brown, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm. |
oblanceoloid, 1–1.8 mm, sharply angled, apex truncate. |
2n | = 28. |
= 14. |
Oenothera sinuosa |
Oenothera gayleana |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Aug. | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Flats and washes in light sandy loam. | Gypsum outcrops. |
Elevation | 0–300(–1300) m. (0–1000(–4300) ft.) | 500–1400 m. (1600–4600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; MO; NY; OK; TX [Introduced in Europe (Italy), s Africa]
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NM; TX |
Discussion | P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined Oenothera sinuosa to be self-incompatible. Oenothera sinuosa is endemic to Oklahoma and Texas and is escaped or naturalized in Alabama, Arkansas, California (where found to 1300 m), Florida, Georgia, Missouri, and New York. Oenothera sinuosa is potentially a noxious weed due to the aggressive rhizomatous habit, but is somewhat limited by its self-incompatibility. Molecular data (G. D. Hoggard et al. 2004) are consistent with the hypothesis that the allotetraploid (2n = 28) O. sinuosa arose by interspecific hybridization of two species within subsect. Stipogaura as suggested by P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]). The molecular data indicate that the pistillate parent came from O. calcicola or a close relative, while the staminate parent originated from the lineage that gave rise to O. cinerea and O. filipes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera gayleana is a recently discovered gypsum endemic known only from scattered outcrops from De Baca and Eddy counties in New Mexico, and Culberson County in Texas. When published, the delimitation of O. gayleana included populations in Collinsworth and Dickens counties in the Texas panhandle, and adjacent Harmon County in Oklahoma. Subsequent study (B. Cooper et al., unpubl.) has determined they are actually O. serrulata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Stipogaura | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Calylophus > subsect. Calylophus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura sinuata | |
Name authority | W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 214. (2007) | B. L. Turner & M. J. Moore: Phytologia 96: 200, figs. 1, 2. (2014) |
Web links |