Oenothera simulans |
Oenothera hispida |
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southern beeblossom |
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Habit | Herbs annual, glabrate, strigillose, and/or hirtellous; from taproot. | Herbs perennial, spreading by rhizomes (forming colonies), strigillose, often also villous; from taproot. |
Stems | usually unbranched, sometimes several-branched from base, 60–180 cm. |
ascending to decumbent, several-branched from base, usually also irregularly branched distally, sometimes with a single, unbranched stem, 20–60(–120) cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, 0.8–13 × 0.1–1.6 cm; blade often red-blotched, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, margins slightly to conspicuously sinuate-dentate. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, 0.5–7.5(–9.5) × 0.1–2.2 cm, blade narrowly lanceolate to elliptic, margins subentire or shallowly sinuate-dentate. |
Flowers | 3 or 4-merous, often mixed on a single plant, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 3–8 mm; sepals 2.5–8 mm; petals white, fading pink, narrowly elliptic-obovate, 4.5–8 mm; filaments 2.5–6 mm, anthers 0.5–2 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 7.5–19 mm, stigma surrounded by or slightly exserted beyond anthers. |
4-merous, zygomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 4–14 mm; sepals 7–11(–14) mm; petals white, fading red, slightly unequal, elliptic, 6–10 mm, clawed; filaments 4–8.5 mm, anthers 3–6 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 12–26 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | ellipsoid or ovoid, 3-(or 4-)angled, 5–9 × 2–3 mm; sessile. |
erect, pyramidal in distal 1/2, conspicuously bulging at base of distal pyramidal part, strongly 4-angled, conspicuously bulging at base, abruptly constricted to terete proximal part, 7–13 × 3–5 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | 2–4, yellowish to light brown, 1.2–2.3 × 0.8–1.1 mm. |
(2 or)3 or 4(–8), reddish brown, 2–2.5 × 1–1.3 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 28. |
Oenothera simulans |
Oenothera hispida |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)May–Sep(–Nov). | Flowering May–Jul(–Nov). |
Habitat | Sandy soil in open woodlands, fields, roadsides, primarily in outer Coastal Plain. | Sandy loam. |
Elevation | 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.) | 60–1900 m. (200–6200 ft.) |
Distribution |
FL; GA; NC; SC
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AR; CA; GA; TX; c Mexico |
Discussion | Oenothera simulans occurs along the Coastal Plain from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, southward and throughout Florida. It is self-compatible and autogamous (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]). The species occasionally persists through mild winters in the southern part of its range, appearing biennial. Gaura fruticosa Jacquin 1786, not G. fruticosa Loefling 1758, is an illegitimate later homonym that pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera hispida is native across the eastern half of Texas, south through Mexico to Oaxaca and Puebla; it is naturalized in Sevier County, Arkansas, coastal southern California, and Glynn County Georgia. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) reported Oenothera hispida to be self-incompatible. It occasionally forms hybrids with O. suffrutescens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Xenogaura |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura simulans, G. angustifolia, G. angustifolia var. eatonii, G. angustifolia var. simulans, G. angustifolia var. strigosa, G. eatonii | Gaura hispida, G. crispa, G. drummondii, G. roemeriana, O. xenogaura, Schizocarya crispa, S. drummondii |
Name authority | (Small) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 213. (2007) | (Bentham) W. L. Wagner, Hoch & Zarucchi: PhytoKeys 50: 26. (2015) |
Web links |