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pink evening primrose, rose evening-primrose

southern beeblossom

Habit Herbs perennial, caulescent, strigillose and often also sparsely hirsute; from slender taproot. Herbs annual, glabrate, strigillose, and/or hirtellous; from taproot.
Stems

1–several, ascending to decumbent, 7–65 cm.

usually unbranched, sometimes several-branched from base, 60–180 cm.

Leaves

in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 1–6 × 0.3–2 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic or ovate, margins subentire, weakly serrulate, or sinuate-pinnatifid;

cauline 1–6 × 0.3–2 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, margins subentire or weakly serrulate, proximal ones sinuate-pinnatifid.

in a basal rosette and cauline, 0.8–13 × 0.1–1.6 cm;

blade often red-blotched, narrowly lanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, margins slightly to conspicuously sinuate-dentate.

Inflorescences

erect.

Flowers

1–3 opening per day near sunrise;

buds with free tips 0.1–1 mm;

floral tube 4–8 mm;

sepals 6–12 mm;

petals rose purple, fading darker, 4–12 mm;

filaments 4–6 mm, anthers 2–3.5 mm, pollen 35–65% fertile;

style 7–13.5 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis.

3 or 4-merous, often mixed on a single plant, zygomorphic, opening near sunset;

floral tube 3–8 mm;

sepals 2.5–8 mm;

petals white, fading pink, narrowly elliptic-obovate, 4.5–8 mm;

filaments 2.5–6 mm, anthers 0.5–2 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile;

style 7.5–19 mm, stigma surrounded by or slightly exserted beyond anthers.

Capsules

narrowly obovoid, 4–12 × 2–4 mm, apex attenuate to a sterile beak, proximal stipe 5–20 mm, gradually tapering to base, valve midrib prominent in distal part;

sessile.

ellipsoid or ovoid, 3-(or 4-)angled, 5–9 × 2–3 mm;

sessile.

Seeds

narrowly obovoid, 0.5–0.9 × 0.3–0.5 mm.

2–4, yellowish to light brown, 1.2–2.3 × 0.8–1.1 mm.

2n

= 14.

= 14.

Oenothera rosea

Oenothera simulans

Phenology Flowering Mar–Sep. Flowering (Feb–)May–Sep(–Nov).
Habitat tropical areas.. Sandy soil in open woodlands, fields, roadsides, primarily in outer Coastal Plain.
Elevation 10–600 m. (0–2000 ft.) 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; tropical areas [Introduced in South America (Argentina), Europe, Asia, s Africa, Atlantic Islands (Azores, Canary Islands)]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; GA; NC; SC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Oenothera rosea is a PTH species, forming a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous. In the flora area, it is known from Cochise, Pima, and Santa Cruz counties in Arizona, Alameda, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Francisco, and Santa Barbara counties in California (primarily in urban areas), and from southern Texas. It is clearly of North American origin, since all of its close relatives are confined to North America, and has spread south along the Andes. It occurs at 500–3700 m in South America but generally at lower elevations in most areas.

The name Hartmannia affinis Spach is illegitimate, being based on Oenothera virgata; H. gauroides Spach is also illegitimate, being based on O. rosea; O. purpurea Lamarck is a later homonym; these three names pertain here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Oenothera simulans occurs along the Coastal Plain from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, southward and throughout Florida. It is self-compatible and autogamous (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]). The species occasionally persists through mild winters in the southern part of its range, appearing biennial.

Gaura fruticosa Jacquin 1786, not G. fruticosa Loefling 1758, is an illegitimate later homonym that pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Hartmannia Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura
Sibling taxa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. simulans, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
O. acutissima, O. albicaulis, O. argillicola, O. arida, O. arizonica, O. biennis, O. boquillensis, O. brachycarpa, O. calcicola, O. californica, O. canescens, O. capillifolia, O. cavernae, O. cespitosa, O. cinerea, O. clelandii, O. coloradensis, O. cordata, O. coronopifolia, O. coryi, O. curtiflora, O. curtissii, O. deltoides, O. demareei, O. dodgeniana, O. drummondii, O. elata, O. engelmannii, O. falfurriae, O. filiformis, O. filipes, O. flava, O. fruticosa, O. gaura, O. gayleana, O. glaucifolia, O. glazioviana, O. grandiflora, O. grandis, O. harringtonii, O. hartwegii, O. havardii, O. heterophylla, O. hispida, O. howardii, O. humifusa, O. jamesii, O. kunthiana, O. laciniata, O. lavandulifolia, O. lindheimeri, O. linifolia, O. longissima, O. macrocarpa, O. mckelveyae, O. mexicana, O. nealleyi, O. neomexicana, O. nutans, O. nuttallii, O. oakesiana, O. organensis, O. pallida, O. parviflora, O. patriciae, O. perennis, O. pilosella, O. platanorum, O. podocarpa, O. primiveris, O. psammophila, O. pubescens, O. rhombipetala, O. riparia, O. rosea, O. serrulata, O. sessilis, O. sinuosa, O. spachiana, O. speciosa, O. stricta, O. suffrutescens, O. suffulta, O. tetraptera, O. texensis, O. toumeyi, O. triangulata, O. triloba, O. tubicula, O. villosa, O. wolfii, O. xylocarpa
Synonyms Gaura epilobia, Godetia heuckii, Hartmannia rosea, H. rosea var. parvifolia, H. virgata, O. psycrophila, O. rosea var. parvifolia, O. rubra, O. virgata, Xylopleurum roseum Gaura simulans, G. angustifolia, G. angustifolia var. eatonii, G. angustifolia var. simulans, G. angustifolia var. strigosa, G. eatonii
Name authority L’Héritier ex Aiton: Hort. Kew. 2: 3. (1789) (Small) W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 213. (2007)
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