Oenothera rosea |
Oenothera jamesii |
|
---|---|---|
pink evening primrose, rose evening-primrose |
trumpet evening primrose |
|
Habit | Herbs perennial, caulescent, strigillose and often also sparsely hirsute; from slender taproot. | Herbs biennial or winter-annual, usually predominately and densely strigillose, sometimes also villous with scattered, appressed hairs, rarely with a few pustulate hairs, inflorescence sometimes also glandular puberulent. |
Stems | 1–several, ascending to decumbent, 7–65 cm. |
erect, usually green, rarely flushed with red, unbranched or with branches arising obliquely from rosette and secondary branches arising from main stem, 60–180 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 1–6 × 0.3–2 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic or ovate, margins subentire, weakly serrulate, or sinuate-pinnatifid; cauline 1–6 × 0.3–2 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, margins subentire or weakly serrulate, proximal ones sinuate-pinnatifid. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 10–30 × 2.5–5 cm, cauline 4–20 × 1–5 cm; blade dull green, flat, narrowly oblanceolate, oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, or narrowly lanceolate, margins bluntly dentate or subentire, teeth widely spaced; bracts persistent. |
Inflorescences | erect. |
erect, usually unbranched, rarely with few lateral branches. |
Flowers | 1–3 opening per day near sunrise; buds with free tips 0.1–1 mm; floral tube 4–8 mm; sepals 6–12 mm; petals rose purple, fading darker, 4–12 mm; filaments 4–6 mm, anthers 2–3.5 mm, pollen 35–65% fertile; style 7–13.5 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunset; buds erect, 7–12 mm diam., with free tips terminal, erect, 0.5–3 mm; floral tube persistent on ovary after anthesis, (60–)80–120(–160) mm; sepals yellowish green, red-striped to red throughout, 30–55 mm; petals yellow, fading orange or pale yellow, very broadly obcordate, 40–50 mm; filaments 23–30 mm, anthers 12–22 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 90–170(–200) mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | narrowly obovoid, 4–12 × 2–4 mm, apex attenuate to a sterile beak, proximal stipe 5–20 mm, gradually tapering to base, valve midrib prominent in distal part; sessile. |
erect or slightly spreading, dull green or gray-green when dry, narrowly lanceoloid, 20–50 × 6–12 mm, free tips of valves 2.5–5 mm. |
Seeds | narrowly obovoid, 0.5–0.9 × 0.3–0.5 mm. |
1–1.2 × 0.7–1.3 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera rosea |
Oenothera jamesii |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Sep. | Flowering Jul–Sep(–Oct). |
Habitat | tropical areas.. | Sandy stream banks, ditches, moist areas, cultivated areas, disturbed roadsides. |
Elevation | 10–600 m. (0–2000 ft.) | (30–)300–1800 m. ((100–)1000–5900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; tropical areas [Introduced in South America (Argentina), Europe, Asia, s Africa, Atlantic Islands (Azores, Canary Islands)]
|
KS; OK; TX; Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León, Puebla) [Introduced in e Asia (Japan), s Africa, Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands)] |
Discussion | Oenothera rosea is a PTH species, forming a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous. In the flora area, it is known from Cochise, Pima, and Santa Cruz counties in Arizona, Alameda, Los Angeles, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Francisco, and Santa Barbara counties in California (primarily in urban areas), and from southern Texas. It is clearly of North American origin, since all of its close relatives are confined to North America, and has spread south along the Andes. It occurs at 500–3700 m in South America but generally at lower elevations in most areas. The name Hartmannia affinis Spach is illegitimate, being based on Oenothera virgata; H. gauroides Spach is also illegitimate, being based on O. rosea; O. purpurea Lamarck is a later homonym; these three names pertain here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera jamesii has plastome I and a AA genome composition; it is known in the flora area from southern Kansas (Clark County), central Oklahoma, and Texas. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Hartmannia | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Oenothera |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura epilobia, Godetia heuckii, Hartmannia rosea, H. rosea var. parvifolia, H. virgata, O. psycrophila, O. rosea var. parvifolia, O. rubra, O. virgata, Xylopleurum roseum | Onagra jamesii, O. communis var. jamesii |
Name authority | L’Héritier ex Aiton: Hort. Kew. 2: 3. (1789) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 493. (1840) |
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