Oenothera rhombipetala |
Oenothera organensis |
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fourpoint evening primrose |
Organ Mountain evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs biennial, densely to sparsely strigillose, sometimes also sparsely glandular puberulent distally. | Herbs perennial, moderately hirsute (hairs often with reddish purple, pustulate bases), alsostrigillose and becoming glandular puberulent distally; initially from slender taproot with single rosette, later developing numerous adventitious shoots from taproot and lateral roots, root system then appearing fibrous. |
Stems | sometimes with lateral branches arising obliquely from rosette, 30–100(–150) cm. |
weakly erect to ascending, many from base, forming clumps 1–1.5 m diam., often branched distally, 30–60 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 6–20 × 0.6–2 cm, cauline 3–15 × 0.8–2.5 cm; blade narrowly oblanceolate, gradually narrowly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ovate distally, margins lobed to remotely dentate or subentire; bracts slightly longer than capsule they subtend. |
in a weakly developed basal rosette and cauline, basal 9–23 × 1–2.5 cm, cauline 5–11 × 1.5–3.5 cm; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm; blade very narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, margins undulate, remotely and bluntly dentate. |
Inflorescences | dense, usually without lateral branches, mature buds usually not overtopping spike apex. |
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Flowers | 2–several per spike opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.5–3 mm; floral tube slightly curved upward to ± straight, 30–45 mm; sepals 15–30 mm; petals yellow, broadly elliptic to rhombic-elliptic, 15–35 mm; filaments 13–25 mm, anthers 3–8 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 25–50 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunset, not strongly scented; buds with free tips terminal, erect, 3–10 mm; floral tube straight, 100–165(–190) mm; sepals 25–50 mm; petals yellow, fading deep reddish orange, broadly obovate with truncate apex, or obcordate, 30–55 mm; filaments 18–35 mm, anthers 10–19 mm; style 140–235 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | narrowly lanceoloid, 13–25 × 2.5–3 mm. |
erect to slightly spreading at acute angle from stem, cylindrical, 25–35 ×4–5.5 mm, dehiscent at least 3/4 their length. |
Seeds | brown, sometimes flecked with dark red spots, ellipsoid, 1–1.7 × 0.4–0.7 mm. |
numerous, in 2 distinct rows per locule, dark reddish brown, sometimes with darker flecks, obovoid, asymmetrical, irregularly angled, 1.5–2.1 × 1–1.2 mm, surface irregularly pitted and with collapsed papillae. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera rhombipetala |
Oenothera organensis |
|
Phenology | Flowering May–Oct. | Flowering Jun–Sep. |
Habitat | Fields, prairies, sandy soil. | In larger rhyolite canyons, along water courses, in eroded basins filled with gravel and rocks. |
Elevation | 60–600(–1300) m. (200–2000(–4300) ft.) | 1800–2300 m. (5900–7500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AR; CO; IL; KS; MI; MN; MO; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WI
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NM |
Discussion | Oenothera rhombipetala is primarily a central plains species that has scattered localities in the Midwest to Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, and barely entering the easternmost parts of Colorado and New Mexico. Oenothera rhombipetala had a broader delimitation (P. A. Munz 1965) until W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner (1988) divided it into three species (O. clelandii, O. curtissii, and O. rhombipetala), with both of the split-off species being PTH. Evidence gathered by Dietrich and Wagner showed that these PTH species are geographically separated populations of small-flowered plants, and although they are very close morphologically, their distributions and morphological differences suggest that they were each derived independently from O. rhombipetala. Oenothera rhombipetala is self-incompatible. Oenothera pyramidalis H. Léveillé is a superfluous name and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera organensis is known only from the Organ Mountains, Doña Ana County, especially on the east side. Various studies have been done to assess the status of this narrow endemic and estimate 2000 to 5000 individuals with wide fluctuations likely due to variation in rainfall (W. Dietrich et al. 1985). Oenothera organensis could decline if degradation of habitat increases in the Organ Mountains. The genetics and population biology of this taxon have been heavily studied in the past (summarized in Dietrich et al.). It is self-incompatible. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | O. heterophylla var. rhombipetala, O. leona, Raimannia rhombipetala | O. macrosiphon |
Name authority | Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 493. (1840) | Munz ex S. Emerson: Genetics 23: 190. (1938) |
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