Oenothera pubescens |
Oenothera tetraptera |
|
---|---|---|
pubescent evening primrose, silky evening primrose, South American evening-primrose |
fourwing evening-primrose |
|
Habit | Herbs annual or biennial, densely to sparsely strigillose, sometimes also villous and glandular puberulent distally; from a taproot. | Herbs annual or perennial, strigillose and also hirsute; from a slender taproot. |
Stems | unbranched or with branched central stem and ascending to decumbent lateral branches arising from rosette, 5–50(–80) cm. |
15–50 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–14 × 0.5–2.5 cm, cauline 2–8 × 0.5–2.5 cm; blade narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, margins usually dentate to deeply lobed; bracts spreading, flat. |
2.5–10 × 0.6–2.5 cm; petiole 0.2–2.2 cm; blade usually lanceolate to oblanceolate, sometimes elliptic, margins weakly serrate to sinuate-pinnatifid. |
Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds with free tips erect, 0.1–1 mm; floral tube erect, becoming recurved and nodding, then erect again just before anthesis, 15–50 mm; sepals 5–25 mm; petals yellow, fading reddish orange, broadly obovate to obcordate, 5–25(–35) mm; filaments 6–18 mm, anthers (2–)3–9 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 20–60 mm, stigma surrounded by or slightly exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
1–3 opening per day near sunset; buds with free tips 0.5–3 mm; floral tube 10–30 mm; sepals 20–40 mm; petals white, fading pink, 20–43 mm; filaments 12–18 mm, anthers 5–10 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 19–67 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged distally, 20–45 ×2–4 mm. |
broadly clavate or obovoid, 20–51 × 5–7 mm, winged, wings 2–4 mm, valve surface with prominent midrib, proximal stipe 8–45 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | brown, sometimes dark-flecked, 0.9–1.5 × 0.6–1 mm. |
narrowly obovoid, 1–1.5 × 0.5–0.7 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera pubescens |
Oenothera tetraptera |
|
Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Sep(–Oct). | Flowering Feb–May. |
Habitat | Open sites in montane habitats. | Alluvial flats, open areas, sandy soil, weedy sites. |
Elevation | (1300–)1500–2500(–3100) m. ((4300–)4900–8200(–10200) ft.) | 10–300[–2000] m. (0–1000[–6600] ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico; West Indies; Central America (Guatemala); South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
|
TX; Mexico; Central America; West Indies (Jamaica); n South America [Introduced widely in temperate Europe, Asia, s Africa, Australia]
|
Discussion | Oenothera pubescens is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera pubescens has been collected once in California in 1884 (Newberry Springs, San Bernardino County), where it was temporarily introduced or a natural occurrence that was extirpated. Collections from west Texas (Brewster, Jeff Davis, and Presidio counties) have been made since 1990 and a few others collected earlier were misidentified as O. laciniata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
In the flora area, Oenothera tetraptera is known only from southern Texas. Oenothera tetraptera presumably has become naturalized in South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela), West Indies (Jamaica), Europe, Asia, South Africa, and Australia. Oenothera candida Dumont Courset is a superfluous name, as is O. candida Bellardi ex Colla, and they both pertain here. The name Hartmannia macrantha Spach is illegitimate and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Nutantigemma | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Leucocoryne |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Anogra amplexicaulis, O. amplexicaulis, O. laciniata subsp. pubescens, Var. o. var. o., O. nyctaginiifolia, O. stuebelii, Raimannia colimae, R. confusa | Hartmannia latiflora, H. tetraptera, O. latiflora, O. tetraptera var. immutabilis, Xylopleurum tetrapterum |
Name authority | Willdenow ex Sprengel: Syst. Veg. 2: 229. (1825) | Cavanilles: Icon. 3: 40, plate 279. (1796) |
Web links |