Oenothera pubescens |
Oenothera curtiflora |
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pubescent evening primrose, silky evening primrose, South American evening-primrose |
lizard-tail, small-flower bee-blossom, small-flower gaura, velvet weed |
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Habit | Herbs annual or biennial, densely to sparsely strigillose, sometimes also villous and glandular puberulent distally; from a taproot. | Herbs annual, strigillose, glandular puberulent, and long-villous; from heavy taproot, 2–4 cm diam. |
Stems | unbranched or with branched central stem and ascending to decumbent lateral branches arising from rosette, 5–50(–80) cm. |
erect, unbranched or many-branched distally, (20–)30–200(–300) cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 5–14 × 0.5–2.5 cm, cauline 2–8 × 0.5–2.5 cm; blade narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic or narrowly oblong, margins usually dentate to deeply lobed; bracts spreading, flat. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–15 × 1.5–3 cm, petiole 0–1.8 cm, blade broadly oblanceolate, margins sinuate-dentate to dentate; cauline 2–13 × 0.5–5 cm, petiole 0–2 cm, blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, margins sinuate-dentate to dentate. |
Inflorescences | relatively long, dense. |
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Flowers | usually 1 opening per day near sunset; buds with free tips erect, 0.1–1 mm; floral tube erect, becoming recurved and nodding, then erect again just before anthesis, 15–50 mm; sepals 5–25 mm; petals yellow, fading reddish orange, broadly obovate to obcordate, 5–25(–35) mm; filaments 6–18 mm, anthers (2–)3–9 mm, pollen ca. 50% fertile; style 20–60 mm, stigma surrounded by or slightly exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
4-merous, nearly actinomorphic, opening near sunset; floral tube 1.5–5 mm; sepals 2–3.5 mm; petals white, fading pale to dark pink, slightly unequal, oblong-obovate to elliptic-oblanceolate, 1.5–3 mm, abruptly clawed; filaments 1.5–3 mm, anthers 0.5–1 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 3–9 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | cylindrical, sometimes slightly enlarged distally, 20–45 ×2–4 mm. |
fusiform, terete, weakly angled in distal 1/3, angles becoming broad and rounded in proximal part, 5–11 × 1.5–3 mm, tapering abruptly toward base; sessile. |
Seeds | brown, sometimes dark-flecked, 0.9–1.5 × 0.6–1 mm. |
3 or 4, reddish brown, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera pubescens |
Oenothera curtiflora |
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Phenology | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Sep(–Oct). | Flowering (Feb–)Apr–Oct. |
Habitat | Open sites in montane habitats. | Rocky prairie slopes, woodlands, along streams, roadsides, disturbed areas. |
Elevation | (1300–)1500–2500(–3100) m. ((4300–)4900–8200(–10200) ft.) | 10–2800 m. (0–9200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico; West Indies; Central America (Guatemala); South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MN; MO; MT; NE; NM; NV; OK; OR; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WY; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Zacatecas) [Introduced in South America (Argentina), Asia (China, Japan), Australia]
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Discussion | Oenothera pubescens is a PTH species and forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, and is self-compatible and autogamous (W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner 1988). Oenothera pubescens has been collected once in California in 1884 (Newberry Springs, San Bernardino County), where it was temporarily introduced or a natural occurrence that was extirpated. Collections from west Texas (Brewster, Jeff Davis, and Presidio counties) have been made since 1990 and a few others collected earlier were misidentified as O. laciniata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera curtiflora is self-compatible and autogamous (P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory 1972[1973]). Sometimes it is apparently a biennial. The species is native to grassland regions and open areas across much of interior North America. The full extent of its indigenous range is not clear and collections from the eastern half of the United States (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Massachusetts, and Tennessee) and California may be more recent introductions. Gaura mollis Nuttall ex Torrey 1827 is an isonym of G. mollis E. James 1822, a suppressed name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Nutantigemma | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Schizocarya |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Anogra amplexicaulis, O. amplexicaulis, O. laciniata subsp. pubescens, Var. o. var. o., O. nyctaginiifolia, O. stuebelii, Raimannia colimae, R. confusa | Gaura parviflora, G. australis, G. hirsuta, G. micrantha, G. parviflora var. lachnocarpa, Schizocarya micrantha |
Name authority | Willdenow ex Sprengel: Syst. Veg. 2: 229. (1825) | W. L. Wagner & Hoch: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 211. (2007) |
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