Oenothera podocarpa |
Oenothera rhombipetala |
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fourpoint evening primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual, villous proximally, glabrate, strigillose and/or glandular puberulent distally, leaves glabrate to densely villous, glabrate in age; from stout taproot. | Herbs biennial, densely to sparsely strigillose, sometimes also sparsely glandular puberulent distally. |
Stems | ascending to erect, unbranched or well-branched at base and distally, 15–100 cm. |
sometimes with lateral branches arising obliquely from rosette, 30–100(–150) cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 3–15 × 0.5–1 cm, blade lyrate; cauline 1–9 × 0.1–0.8 cm, blade linear to very narrowly elliptic or narrowly lanceolate, margins sinuate-dentate to subentire. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 6–20 × 0.6–2 cm, cauline 3–15 × 0.8–2.5 cm; blade narrowly oblanceolate, gradually narrowly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ovate distally, margins lobed to remotely dentate or subentire; bracts slightly longer than capsule they subtend. |
Inflorescences | dense, usually without lateral branches, mature buds usually not overtopping spike apex. |
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Flowers | 4-merous, zygomorphic, opening at sunset; floral tube 6–10 mm; sepals 6–12 mm; petals white, fading pink to red, narrowly obovate, 5.5–9.5 mm, short-clawed; filaments 4–6 mm, anthers 2–3 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 11–19 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
2–several per spike opening per day near sunset; buds erect, with free tips erect, 0.5–3 mm; floral tube slightly curved upward to ± straight, 30–45 mm; sepals 15–30 mm; petals yellow, broadly elliptic to rhombic-elliptic, 15–35 mm; filaments 13–25 mm, anthers 3–8 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 25–50 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | ellipsoid or narrowly obovoid, narrowly 4-winged, furrowed between wings, 6–8 × 2–3 mm, narrowed at base, stipe 0 mm; sessile. |
narrowly lanceoloid, 13–25 × 2.5–3 mm. |
Seeds | 4, yellowish to reddish brown, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm. |
brown, sometimes flecked with dark red spots, ellipsoid, 1–1.7 × 0.4–0.7 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 14. |
Oenothera podocarpa |
Oenothera rhombipetala |
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Phenology | Flowering (May–)Jun–Oct. | Flowering May–Oct. |
Habitat | Disturbed sites, sandy washes, slopes, grasslands, meadows, pinyon-juniper or ponderosa pine woodlands, on volcanic cinders. | Fields, prairies, sandy soil. |
Elevation | 700–2800 m. (2300–9200 ft.) | 60–600(–1300) m. (200–2000(–4300) ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora) |
AR; CO; IL; KS; MI; MN; MO; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WI
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Discussion | Oenothera podocarpa occurs in Arizona from eastern Mohave County south through the mountains of central Arizona to eastern Pima County and the southwestern quarter of New Mexico, and in Mexico southward in the Sierra Madre Occidental to eastern Sonora and throughout the western halves of Chihuahua and Durango. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined O. podocarpa to be self-compatible and primarily autogamous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera rhombipetala is primarily a central plains species that has scattered localities in the Midwest to Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, and barely entering the easternmost parts of Colorado and New Mexico. Oenothera rhombipetala had a broader delimitation (P. A. Munz 1965) until W. Dietrich and W. L. Wagner (1988) divided it into three species (O. clelandii, O. curtissii, and O. rhombipetala), with both of the split-off species being PTH. Evidence gathered by Dietrich and Wagner showed that these PTH species are geographically separated populations of small-flowered plants, and although they are very close morphologically, their distributions and morphological differences suggest that they were each derived independently from O. rhombipetala. Oenothera rhombipetala is self-incompatible. Oenothera pyramidalis H. Léveillé is a superfluous name and pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Oenothera > subsect. Candela |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura podocarpa, G. brassicacea, G. glandulosa, G. gracilis, G. hexandra subsp. gracilis, G. strigillosa, O. hexandra subsp. gracilis | O. heterophylla var. rhombipetala, O. leona, Raimannia rhombipetala |
Name authority | (Wooton & Standley) Krakos & W. L. Wagner: PhytoKeys 28: 68. (2013) | Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 493. (1840) |
Web links |