Oenothera podocarpa |
Oenothera pilosella |
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meadow evening-primrose |
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Habit | Herbs annual, villous proximally, glabrate, strigillose and/or glandular puberulent distally, leaves glabrate to densely villous, glabrate in age; from stout taproot. | Herbs perennial, usually densely to sparsely hirsute, rarely glabrous; from a thickened base, rhizomatous. |
Stems | ascending to erect, unbranched or well-branched at base and distally, 15–100 cm. |
spreading or ascending, unbranched or few-branched distally, 20–80 cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 3–15 × 0.5–1 cm, blade lyrate; cauline 1–9 × 0.1–0.8 cm, blade linear to very narrowly elliptic or narrowly lanceolate, margins sinuate-dentate to subentire. |
in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 4–8 × 2–5 cm, petiole (0.5–)1–3(–4) cm, blade oblanceolate to ovate, margins entire; cauline 3–10(–13) × 1–2(–4) cm, petiole 0–0.5(–2) cm, blade lanceolate to ovate, abruptly narrowed to base, margins subentire or coarsely dentate. |
Inflorescences | erect, flowers in axils of distalmost few nodes. |
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Flowers | 4-merous, zygomorphic, opening at sunset; floral tube 6–10 mm; sepals 6–12 mm; petals white, fading pink to red, narrowly obovate, 5.5–9.5 mm, short-clawed; filaments 4–6 mm, anthers 2–3 mm, pollen 90–100% fertile; style 11–19 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
opening near sunrise; buds with free tips 1–3 mm, spreading; floral tube 10–25 mm; sepals 10–20 mm; petals bright yellow, fading pale pink or pale yellow, 15–30 mm; filaments 7–15 mm, anthers 4–8 mm, pollen 85–100% fertile; style 10–20 mm, stigma exserted beyond anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | ellipsoid or narrowly obovoid, narrowly 4-winged, furrowed between wings, 6–8 × 2–3 mm, narrowed at base, stipe 0 mm; sessile. |
usually oblong-clavate to oblong-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 4-angled or weakly 4-winged, (5–)10–15(–28) × 2–4(–5) mm, stipe (1–)3–5(–9) mm; sessile. |
Seeds | 4, yellowish to reddish brown, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm. |
1 × 0.5 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
= 56. |
Oenothera podocarpa |
Oenothera pilosella |
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Phenology | Flowering (May–)Jun–Oct. | Flowering May–Jul(–Aug). |
Habitat | Disturbed sites, sandy washes, slopes, grasslands, meadows, pinyon-juniper or ponderosa pine woodlands, on volcanic cinders. | Open fields, edge of woods, marshes and bottomland prairies, open disturbed sites, ditches, old fields, railroads, roadsides. |
Elevation | 700–2800 m. (2300–9200 ft.) | 100–600 m. (300–2000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora) |
AL; AR; CT; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; ME; MI; MO; MS; NH; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON
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Discussion | Oenothera podocarpa occurs in Arizona from eastern Mohave County south through the mountains of central Arizona to eastern Pima County and the southwestern quarter of New Mexico, and in Mexico southward in the Sierra Madre Occidental to eastern Sonora and throughout the western halves of Chihuahua and Durango. P. H. Raven and D. P. Gregory (1972[1973]) determined O. podocarpa to be self-compatible and primarily autogamous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Oenothera pilosella is widespread in cultivation in gardens and frequently escapes and becomes naturalized; the northern and eastern natural limits of O. pilosella are not clear. According to G. B. Straley (1977) the natural limits are from Wayne County, West Virginia, along the Ohio River and Erie County, New York, for the eastern limits, and Tuscola County, Michigan, and Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, for the northern limits. K. N. Krakos (2014), based on new field studies and phylogenetic data, found that O. pilosella does not form a monophyletic group with plants previously treated by Straley as O. pilosella subsp. sessilis in molecular analyses, and thus is here reinstated as the distinct species O. sessilis. Straley determined that O. pilosella is self-incompatible and an octoploid, one of the few in the genus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Gaura > subsect. Gaura | Onagraceae > subfam. Onagroideae > tribe Onagreae > Oenothera > sect. Kneiffia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Gaura podocarpa, G. brassicacea, G. glandulosa, G. gracilis, G. hexandra subsp. gracilis, G. strigillosa, O. hexandra subsp. gracilis | Kneiffia fruticosa var. pilosella, K. pilosella, K. pratensis, K. sumstinei, O. fruticosa var. hirsuta, O. fruticosa var. pilosella, O. pratensis |
Name authority | (Wooton & Standley) Krakos & W. L. Wagner: PhytoKeys 28: 68. (2013) | Rafinesque: Ann. Nat. 1: 15. (1820) |
Web links |