Oenothera perennis |
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little evening-primrose, perennial evening-primrose, perennial sundrops, small sundrops |
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Habit | Herbs perennial, sparsely to moderately strigillose, glandular puberulent distally; from fibrous roots. |
Stems | usually erect to slightly decumbent, unbranched to few-branched distally, (3–)15–30(–75) cm. |
Leaves | in a basal rosette and cauline, basal 2–4 × 0.2–1.2 cm, petiole (0.2–)0.5–1.2(–2.5) cm, blade oblanceolate to obovate; cauline 3–7 × 0.2–1.2 cm, petiole 0.1–1 cm, blade oblanceolate to obovate, margins entire or weakly and remotely denticulate. |
Inflorescences | nodding, flowers in axils of distalmost few nodes. |
Flowers | opening near sunrise, nearly unscented; buds with free tips to 1 mm, connivent; floral tube 3–10 mm; sepals 2–4 mm; petals bright yellow, fading pale yellow, or orangish yellow to pale pink, 5–10 mm; filaments 3–4 mm, anthers 1–2 mm, pollen 40–70% fertile; style 3–4 mm, stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis. |
Capsules | clavate, 4-angled or narrowly 4-winged, 5–10 × 2–3 mm, stipe 1–2 mm; sessile. |
Seeds | 0.7–0.8 × 0.2–0.3 mm. |
2n | = 14. |
Oenothera perennis |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jul(–Aug). |
Habitat | Fields, open woods, boggy areas. |
Elevation | (0–)150–900(–1400) m. ((0–)500–3000(–4600) ft.) |
Distribution |
CT; DC; DE; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NE; NH; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM
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Discussion | Oenothera perennis, a PTH species that forms a ring of 14 chromosomes in meiosis, is self-compatible and autogamous (G. B. Straley 1977). It is disjunct in Nebraska from the rest of its range in eastern North America, occurring in Garfield, Holt, and Rock counties (R. Kaul, pers. comm.). It is introduced in British Columbia. Oenotherapumila Linnaeus is an illegitimate substitution based on O. perennis Linnaeus, while Kneiffia michauxii Spach is an illegitimate substitution based O. pumila, as is K. pumila Spach, and the three pertain here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | |
Sibling taxa | |
Synonyms | Kneiffia chrysantha, K. depauperata, K. perennis, O. chrysantha, O. perennis var. rectipilis, O. pumila var. chrysantha, O. pumila var. minima, O. pumila var. pusilla, O. pumila var. rectipilis, O. pusilla |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 998. (1759) |
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